User:Fuelbottle/footers

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v • d • e General areas of finance

Financial markets · Investment management · Financial institutions · Personal finance · Public finance · Mathematical finance · Financial economics · Experimental finance · Computational finance

v • d • e Macroeconomic schools of thought

Keynesian economics • Monetarism • New classical macroeconomics • New Keynesian economics • Neo-Keynesian Economics • Supply-side economics • Post-Keynesian economics

v • d • e Topics in microeconomics

Scarcity • Opportunity cost • Supply and demand • Elasticity • Economic surplus • Economic shortage • Aggregation problem • Consumer theory • Production, costs, and pricing • Market form • Welfare economics • Market failure

v • d • e General subfields within physics

Mechanics (Classical mechanics · Quantum mechanics · Statistical mechanics) · Dynamics (Fluid dynamics · Thermodynamics) · Electromagnetism · Optics · Relativity · High energy physics · Quantum field theory · Condensed matter physics · Atomic, molecular, and optical physics

v • d • e General subfields within astronomy and astrophysics

Cosmology · Extragalactic astronomy · Galactic astronomy · Star formation · Stellar astronomy · Planetary science · Astrometry · Astrochemistry · Astrobiology

v • d • e

Major subfields of biology

Anatomy - Astrobiology - Biochemistry - Bioinformatics - Biostatistics - Botany - Cell biology - Chronobiology - Developmental biology - Ecology - Epidemiology - Evolutionary biology - Genetics - Genomics - Human biology - Immunology - Marine biology - Microbiology - Molecular biology - Neuroscience - Nutrition - Origin of life - Paleontology - Parasitology - Pathology - Physiology - Systems biology - Taxonomy - Zoology

v • d • e Major fields of technology

Applied science	Artificial intelligence · Ceramic engineering · Computing technology · Electronics · Energy · Energy storage · Engineering physics · Environmental technology · Fisheries science · Materials science and engineering · Microtechnology · Nanotechnology · Nuclear technology · Optics · Zoography

Information	Communication · Graphics · Music technology · Speech recognition · Visual technology

Industry	Construction · Financial engineering · Manufacturing · Machinery · Mining · Business informatics

Military	Ammunition · Bombs · Guns · Military technology and equipment · Naval engineering

Domestic	Educational technology · Domestic appliances · Domestic technology · Food technology

Engineering	Aerospace · Agricultural · Architectural · Audio · Automotive · Biological · Biochemical · Biomedical · Broadcast · Ceramic · Chemical · Civil · Computer · Construction · Cryogenic · Electrical · Electronic · Environmental · Food · Industrial · Materials · Mechanical · Mechatronics · Metallurgical · Mining · Naval · Nuclear · Optical · Petroleum · Software · Structural · Systems · Textile · Tissue · Transport

Health and safety	Biomedical engineering · Bioinformatics · Biotechnology · Cheminformatics · Fire protection engineering · Health technologies · Nutrition · Pharmaceuticals · Safety engineering · Sanitary engineering

Transport	Aerospace · Aerospace engineering · Automotive engineering · Marine engineering · Motor vehicles · Space technology

v • d • e Blood

General	Plasma - Hematopoietic stem cells

Lymphoid - WBC	T cells: Cytotoxic CD8⁺, Helper CD4⁺/Regulatory, γδ, Natural Killer T cell B cells: Plasma, Memory Natural killer cells (Lymphokine-activated killer cell) Null cell

Myeloid - WBC	Monocytes/Macrophages (Histiocytes, Kupffer cells, Langhans giant cells, Microglia, Osteoclasts) Granulocytes (Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil) - Mast cell precursors Dendritic cells (Langerhans cells, Follicular dendritic cells Megakaryoblast - Megakaryocyte - Platelets

Myeloid - RBC	Reticulocyte - Normoblast

v • d • e Endocrine system > Pancreas – Islets of Langerhans

A/B	alpha cell (glucagon) • beta cell (insulin)

Other	delta cell (somatostatin) • PP cell (pancreatic polypeptide) • epsilon cell (ghrelin)

v • d • e Endocrine system > Pituitary gland

Posterior pituitary	Pars nervosa – Median eminence – Infundibular stalk

Anterior pituitary	Pars intermedia – Pars tuberalis – Pars distalis – Acidophils (Somatotropes, Lactotropes) – Basophils (Corticotropes, Gonadotropes, Thyrotropes)

v • d • e Nervous system: Sensory systems / sense

Special senses	Visual system – visual perception • Auditory system – hearing • Chemoreception (Olfactory system – olfaction • Gustatory system – taste)

Somatosensory system	Nociception • Thermoreception • Vestibular system • Mechanoreception (pressure, vibration, proprioception)

Other	Sensory receptor

v • d • e Anatomy of torso, cardiovascular system: heart

Structures	atria (interatrial septum, musculi pectinati) • ventricles (interventricular septum, trabeculae carneae, chordae tendinae, papillary muscle) • valves • cusps

Regions	base • apex • grooves (coronary/atrioventricular, interatrial, anterior interventricula, posterior interventricular) • surfaces (sternocostal, diaphragmatic) • borders (right, left)

Right heart	(vena cavae, coronary sinus) → right atrium (atrial appendage, fossa ovalis, limbus of fossa ovalis, crista terminalis, valve of the inferior vena cava, valve of the coronary sinus) → tricuspid valve → right ventricle (conus arteriosus, moderator band/septomarginal trabecula) → pulmonary valve → (pulmonary artery and pulmonary circulation)

Left heart	(pulmonary veins) → left atrium (atrial appendage) → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic valve (aortic sinus) → (aorta and systemic circulation)

Layers	pericardium: fibrous pericardium • serous pericardium (pericardial cavity, epicardium/visceral layer) • pericardial sinus myocardium • endocardium • cardiac skeleton (fibrous trigone, fibrous rings)

Conduction system	Cardiac pacemaker • SA node • AV node• bundle of His • Purkinje fibers

v • d • e Endocrine system > Adrenal glands

Medulla	Chromaffin cells

Cortex	Zona glomerulosa • Zona fasciculata • Zona reticularis

v • d • e Sensory system: Auditory and Vestibular systems

Outer ear	Pinna (Helix, Antihelix, Tragus, Antitragus, Earlobe) • Ear canal

Middle ear	Eardrum (Umbo) • Ossicles (Malleus, Incus & Stapes) • muscles (Stapedius, Tensor tympani) • Eustachian tube (Torus tubarius)

Inner ear/Labyrinth	Bony labyrinth (Vestibule) • Membranous labyrinth Oval window → Scala vestibuli / Reissner's/vestibular membrane, Helicotrema and Scala tympani / Basilar membrane (Perilymph) → Round window Cochlea: Modiolus • Cochlear duct / scala media (Endolymph, Stria vascularis, Spiral ligament, Organ of Corti), Olivocochlear system Organ of Corti: Stereocilia • Sulcus spiralis (externus, internus) • Limbus spiralis

to brain (auditory)	Tectorial membrane → Hair cells → Spiral ganglion → Cochlear nerve ^VIII → Cochlear nuclei → Trapezoid body → Superior olivary nuclei → Lateral lemniscus → Inferior colliculi → Medial geniculate nuclei → Auditory radiations → Primary auditory cortex

Vestibular system	Static/translations: Utricle (Macula) – Saccule (Macula, Endolymphatic sac, Endolymphatic duct) – Kinocilium – Otolith Kinetic/rotations: Semicircular canals (Superior, Posterior, Horizontal) • Cupula • Ampullae (Crista ampullaris)

to brain (vestibular)	Vestibular nerve ^VIII → Vestibular nuclei, Flocculonodular lobe Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract, Ventral posterolateral nucleus → Vestibular cortex

v • d • e Sensory system: Gustatory system

Tongue	Taste bud (Circumvallate papillae, Filiform papilla, Fungiform papilla) • Foliate papillae

Path	CN (VII, IX, X) → Solitary nucleus (Gustatory nucleus) → Central tegmental tract → Ventral posteromedial nucleus → Gustatory cortex

Other	Basic tastes

v • d • e Sensory system: Olfactory system / Olfaction

Path	Olfactory epithelium / Olfactory mucosa / Olfactory receptor neurons → Olfactory nerve → Olfactory bulb (Mitral cells, Glomeruli) Olfactory tract → Piriform cortex → Entorhinal cortex → Amygdala → Brodmann area 34

Other	Rhinencephalon – Olfactory trigone

v • d • e Sensory system – Visual system and eye movement

Vision	Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Lateral geniculate nucleus → Optic radiation → Visual cortex (Cuneus, Lingual gyrus) → Blobs

Tracking	Smooth pursuit: Parietal lobe - Occipital lobe Saccade: Frontal eye fields Physiologic nystagmus

Horizontal gaze	Abducens nucleus → PPRF → MLF → Oculomotor nucleus → Medial rectus muscle

Vertical gaze	Rostral interstitial nucleus → Oculomotor nucleus, Trochlear nucleus → Muscles of orbit

Pupillary dilation	Ciliospinal center → Superior cervical ganglion → Long ciliary nerves → Iris dilator muscle

Pupillary light reflex (constriction)	Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Pretectum → Edinger-Westphal nucleus → Oculomotor nerve → Ciliary ganglion → Short ciliary nerves → Iris sphincter muscle

Accommodation	Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Visual cortex → Brodmann area 19 → Pretectum → Edinger-Westphal nucleus → Short ciliary nerves → Ciliary ganglion → Ciliary muscle

Vestibulo-ocular reflex	Semicircular canal → Vestibulocochlear nerve → Vestibular nuclei → Medial rectus muscle

Circadian rhythm	Retina → Hypothalamus (Suprachiasmatic nucleus)

v • d • e Sensory system – Visual system – Eye

Fibrous tunic (outer)	Conjunctiva • Sclera • Schlemm's canal • Trabecular meshwork • Limbus Cornea (Epithelium, Bowman's, Stroma, Descemet's, Endothelium)

Uvea (middle)	Choroid (Ciliary processes, Choriocapillaris, Bruch's membrane) • Iris (Stroma) • Pupil • Ciliary body

Retina (inner)	Macula • Fovea • Optic disc • Tapetum lucidum

Anterior segment	Anterior chamber • Aqueous humour • Posterior chamber • Lens

Posterior segment	Vitreous humour • Zonule of Zinn

Intraocular muscles	parasympathetic (Ciliary muscle, Iris sphincter muscle) • sympathetic (Iris dilator muscle)

Appearance phenomena of the eye	Eyeshine • Leukocoria • Red-eye effect • Red reflex

Appearance phenomena by the eye	Color appearance (Abney effect • Bezold-Brücke shift • Chromatic adaptation • Purkinje effect)

v • d • e Sensory system – Visual system – Eye – Retina

cells	Photoreceptor cells (Cone cell, Rod cell) → (Horizontal cell) → Bipolar cell → (Amacrine cell) → Ganglion cell (Giant retinal ganglion cells, Photosensitive ganglion cell) Muller glia

layers	Inner limiting membrane – Nerve fiber layer – Ganglion cell layer – Inner plexiform layer – Inner nuclear layer Outer plexiform layer – Outer nuclear layer External limiting membrane – Layer of rods and cones – Retinal pigment epithelium

v • d • e Anatomy: respiratory system

Upper respiratory tract	Nose • Nasal cavity • Pharynx • Larynx

Lower respiratory tract	Trachea • Lungs (Bronchi, Alveoli, Conducting zone, Respiratory zone)

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This page was last modified 14:27, 21 March 2008 by Wikipedia user Sardanaphalus. Based on work by Wikipedia user(s) MartinBotIII, Kbdank71, Fuelbottle and Diberri and Anonymous user(s) of Wikipedia.
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