Fuel extraction in Pakistan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (December 2007)

This article or section needs to be wikified to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please help improve this article with relevant internal links. (December 2007)

Contents 1 The oil industry in Pakistan 1.1 Discovery 1.2 History 1.3 Modern exploration 2 The natural gas industry in Pakistan 2.1 History 2.2 Present production levels 3 The Coal industry in Pakistan 3.1 History 3.2 Types of coal found 3.3 Workings 4 The lignite industry in Pakistan 4.1 Production 4.2 Usage 5 Uranium production in Pakistan 5.1 History 5.2 Mines 5.3 Output 6 See also 7 References 8 External links 8.1 Oil 8.2 Gas 8.3 Coal 8.4 Lignite 8.5 Uranium

[edit] The oil industry in Pakistan

[edit] Discovery

Pakistan's first oil field was discovered in the late 1952 in Baluchistan near a giant gas field at Sui in Balochistan. The Toot oil field was discovered in the early 1960s the Islamabad in the Punjab. It is 122.67 km². In area and covers the sandy Datta Formation in Pakistan. Pakistan Petroleum Ltd. (PPL) and Pakistan Oilfields Ltd. explored and began drilling these field with Soviet help in 1961 and activity began in Toot during 1964.^[1][2][3]

[edit] History

The Toot area is one of the oldest oil producing regions in Pakistan with the first oilwell was drilled in 1964. It is located in the Potwar region, Punjab Province, which is near the capital city of Islamabad. It has grown steadily since then, producing both oil and, to a lesser degree, natural gas.^[4]

[edit] Modern exploration

Schlumberger Oilfield Services first started operations in early 2006. After favorable results, the Vancouver based 'Junior oil' and International 'Sovereign Energy Corp.' oil and gas exploration companies signed a memorandum of agreement with the Oil and Gas Development Company Limited, Pakistan's national oil company, in mid 2005, to develop the Toot field in Punjab Province, near the capital city of Islamabad. The company is also providing electricity to locals living around the residential camps of Toot oil field and the neighbouring Missa Keswaal oil field.^{[5] [6]}

[edit] The natural gas industry in Pakistan

[edit] History

Pakistan's first gas field was discovered in the late 1952 near a giant gas field at Sui in Balochistan. The Toot oil and gas field was discovered in the early 1960s the Islamabad in the Punjab. Pakistan Petroleum Ltd. (PPL) and Pakistan Oilfields Ltd. explored and began drilling these field with Soviet help in 1961 and activity began in Toot during 1964. Some promising natural gas fields have also been found near the Punjabi Toot oilfield, in Sindh province and off the coastline of Pakistan; but contain smaller reserves.

[edit] Present production levels

Present production is at a relatively high level and remaining reserves are estimated to be about (2 TCF; 27×109m³). Pakistan's gas fields are only expected to last for about another 23-25 years at the most due to heavy industrial usage.^[7]

[edit] The Coal industry in Pakistan

[edit] History

Coal was first discovered across India and Pakistan in the 1880s and was used by the British-owned railway companies under colonial rule. Later, post-colonial Pakistan had used coal to flue its industry from independence to the discovery of the Baluchistan's Sui gas field in 1952 and the Toot oilfield in 1964.

Environmentalists are now concerned that Pakistan has recently discovered 1 low and 4 low to medium quality coal seams in the Punjab and plans to re-flue its economically important cement industry with it after their oil fields have run dry due to heavy over use. Low sulfur coal was recently reported to have been found at the Baluchistan near Quetta as well. There are reports that low a sulfur deposit has been found near Islamabad.

Sind's Thar desert and Neyveli (in Pakistan) lignite mines will also be expanded soon for industrial usage to. Special measures are being employed to reduce the resulting fly ash and sulfur fume emission problems after it's burnt.

[edit] Types of coal found

Bituminous coal is a relatively hard and less sulfurus coal containing a tar-like substance called bitumen and would be burnt largely on domestic fires after being turned into coke fuel.

Sub-bituminous coal is a coal whose properties range from those of lignite to those of bituminous coal and is used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power generation. It is set to fuel power stations and cement works in Pakistan.

Lignite is a low-grade, sulfurous coal that is generally used in modified industrial furnaces to generate heat for boilers, coke oven heaters, brick kilns, etc.

[edit] Workings

Lakhara

Location-176km north of Karachi Or 65km northwest of Hyderabad

Type of Coal-Sub-bituminous to lignite

Total coal resources- 38.82 million tons

Production- (2003-04) 217,967 tons

Dengari

Location- 35km south-east of Quetta

Type of Coal- Sub-bituminous-A to high volatile B-bituminous

Total coal resources- 15.42 million tones

Production- (2003-04) 15,043 tons

Sor-range

Location - 16km east of Quetta

Type of Coal- Sub-bituminous-A to high volatile B-bituminous

Total coal resources- 12.95 million tones

Production- (2003-04) 56,132 tons

Shahrig

Coal field location- 160km north-east of Quetta

Type of Coal- Sub Bituminous B to heavy volatile Bituminous-A

Total coal resources- 28.97 million tones

Production- (2003-04) 94,583 tons

Sonda

Coal field location- Near to Quetta

Type of Coal- Sub Bituminous B to heavy volatile Bituminous-A

Total coal resources- N/A.

Production- (2003-04) N/A.

[edit] The lignite industry in Pakistan

[edit] Production

Sind's Thar desert and Neyveli (in Pakistan) lignite mines will also be expanded soon for industrial usage. Special measures are being employed to reduce the resulting fly ash and sulphur fume emission problems after it's burnt.

[edit] Usage

Lignite is a low grade, sulphurous coal that is generally used in modified industrial furnaces to generate heat for boilers, coke oven heaters, brick kilns, etc.

[edit] Uranium production in Pakistan

[edit] History

Pakistan has had a long history of exporting small amounts Uranium to the west. The Tumman Leghari mine in South Punjab, Baghalchur mine, Dera Ghazi Khan mine and Issa Khel / Kubul Kel mines in, Miniawali District. Pakistan has recently used some in its own nuclear power and weapons programs.

[edit] Mines

The Wahi Pandi, Karunuk (Sehwan), and Rehman Dhora (Aamri) mines in the, Kirthar Range, Sindh and the Shanawah Deposit, Karak, NWFP are being opened up to meet Pakistan's rising need for uranium, which these sources are issuing at a ore grade: 0.04% Uranium mineral purity rate. The Baghalchur site has several abandoned mines and is now being used as a industrial dumping ground. The Miniawali site also has several mills and processing plants to.^[8] Uranium, not Plutonium (as recently rumored in the Western media) is being mined or refined at the Miniawali site.

Baghalchur (Urdu: بغلچور ) is small town in Dera Ghazi Khan District, Punjab, Pakistan. Baghalchur is the site of abandoned Uranium mines now being used as a nuclear dump. The resident of the area are bitterly opposed to the nuclear dump being used by Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC).^[9]

[edit] Output

Pakistan produced about 45 tonnes of Uranium in 2006.^[10]

[edit] See also

• Nuclear waste
• Oil
• Steel
• Pakistan
• Power station
• Natural gas
• Lignite
• Sulphur
• Bituminous coal
• Coal
• Uranium
• Sub-bituminous coal
• Anthracite
• Coke (fuel)
• Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction

[edit] References

[edit] External links

The external links in this article may not follow Wikipedia's content policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links.

[edit] Oil

• http://www.pakpositive.com
• http://www.encyclopedia.com
• http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/divisions
• http://www.ppepca.org/
• http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc
• http://www.newser.com/thread/
• http://www-wds.worldbank.org/
• http://www.rigzone.com/news
• http://www.rigzone.com/news/article
• http://www.isove.com/
• http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/divisions

[edit] Gas

• http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/divisions
• http://www.geoconnexion.com/uploads/energywithgis_intv6i2.pdf
• http://www.pakpositive.com
• http://www.iranchamber.com/history/achaemenids
• http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/
• http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/
• http://www.guardian.co.uk/pakistan/
• http://news.bbc.co.uk
• http://baltimore.indymedia.org/newswire/
• http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/
• http://www.opendemocracy.net/conflict-india_pakistan/baluchi_insurrection_3875.jsp

[edit] Coal

• http://www.pakistaneconomist.com/
• http://www.pmdc.gov.pk/
• http://www.mbendi.co.za/
• http://www.pakistan.gov.pk
• http://islamabad.usembassy.gov
• http://www.ncm.org.uk/
• http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem
• http://www.springerlink.com/
• http://www.dailytimes.com.pk
• http://www.iea-coal.org.uk/
• http://www.worldproutassembly.org/archives
• http://www.boloji.com/environment
• http://www.app.com.pk
• http://sp.lyellcollection.org
• http://www.iea-coal.org.uk/

[edit] Lignite

• http://sp.lyellcollection.org
• http://www.iea-coal.org.uk/publishor
• http://www.hec.gov.pk/new/HRD/Approved_PhD_Supervisors
• www.buyusa.gov
• http://www.mongabay.com

[edit] Uranium

• http://www.minesandcommunities.org/
• http://www.wise-uranium.org/
• [-/-://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/04/08/world/main4002614.shtml]

• http://cns.miis.edu/
• http://www.pakistaneconomist.com
• http://www.pmdc.gov.pk
• http://www.mbendi.co.za/indy
• http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/divisions/
• http://islamabad.usembassy.gov/pakistan