Freundlich equation
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The Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm is an adsorption isotherm, which is a curve relating the concentration of a solute on the surface of an adsorbent, to the concentration of the solute in the liquid with which it is in contact.
The Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm is mathematically expressed as
or
where
- x = mass of adsorbate
- m = mass of adsorbent
- p = Equilibrium pressure of adsorbate
- c = Equilibrium concentration of adsorbate in solution.
K and 1/n are constants for a given adsorbate and adsorbent at a particular temperature.
There are basically two well established types of adsorption isotherm:
- the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (see Langmuir equation)
- the Freundlich adsorption isotherm
The Langmuir adsorption isotherm describes quantitatively the build up of a layer of molecules on an adsorbent surface as a function of the concentration of the adsorbed material in the liquid in which it is in contact. In a modified form it can also describe a bi-layer deposition. The shape of the isotherm (assuming the (x) axis represents the concentration of adsorbing material in the contacting liquid) is a gradual positive curve that flattens to a constant value. It often represents an initial surface adsorption followed by a condensation effect resulting from extremely strong solute-solute interaction. In chromatography the Freundlich isotherm is not common, most adsorption processes are best described by the Langmuir isotherm.
