Freshwater pearl mussel

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Freshwater pearl mussel
Margaritifera margaritifera
Margaritifera margaritifera
Conservation status
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Order: Unionoida
Family: Margaritiferidae
Genus: Margaritifera
Species: M. margaritifera
Binomial name
Margaritifera margaritifera
Linneaus, 1758

The freshwater pearl mussel, Margaritifera margaritifera, is an endangered species of freshwater mussel.

Subspecies:

  • Margaritifera margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Margaritifera margaritifera parvula (Haas, 1908)
  • Margaritifera margaritifera durrovensis Phillips, 1928 - critically endangered subspecies in Ireland [1]. Synonym: Margaritifera durrovensis. This subspecies is mentioned in annexes II (and there is mentioned in annex II that it is in annex V too) of Habitats Directive as Margaritifera durrovensis.
Group of Margaritifera margaritifera
Group of Margaritifera margaritifera
Margaritifera margaritifera
Margaritifera margaritifera
1. Posterior adductor muscle2. Anterior adductor muscle3. Frontal gil4. Back gil5. Exhalant aperture6. Inhalant aperture 7. Foot8. pseudotooth9. lock10. Mantle11. Shells thickest part
1. Posterior adductor muscle
2. Anterior adductor muscle
3. Frontal gil
4. Back gil
5. Exhalant aperture
6. Inhalant aperture
7. Foot
8. pseudotooth
9. lock
10. Mantle
11. Shells thickest part

Contents

[edit] Distribution and conservation status

It's native distribution is Holarctic.

  • in America: eastern Canada and New England at northwestern of the United States
  • in Asia: Russian Federation
  • continental Europe:
    • Austria
    • Belgium
    • Czech Republic - critically endangered (CR) [2] [3]. Listed in Decree for implementation, No. 395/1992 Sb. (Czech code) (in Czech: Vyhláška 395/1992 Sb. ve znění vyhl. 175/2006 Sb.) as Critically Threatened species. It's Conservation status in 2004-2006 is bad (U2) in report for European commission in accordance with Habitats Directive.[4]
    • Denmark
    • France [5]
    • Germany - critically endangered (vom Aussterben bedroht) [6]. Listed as strictly protected species in annex 1 in Bundesartenschutzverordnung.
    • Ireland [7], (British Isles - listed in List of endangered species in the British Isles)
  • Luxembourg
  • Lithuania - extinct
  • Poland - extinct [8] [9]
  • Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain)
  • Scandinavian Peninsula (Finland, Norway, rare in Sweden [10])

[edit] Trivia

 Trivia sections are discouraged under Wikipedia guidelines.
The article could be improved by integrating relevant items and removing inappropriate ones.

Deutsche Post featured Margaritifera margaritifera on a 2002 German € 0.56 postage stamp as part of a series on endangered species of animals [11].

[edit] References

  1. ^ 2007 IUCN Red List – Search
  2. ^ Juřičková L., Horsák M. & Beran L., 2001: Check-list of the molluscs (Mollusca) of the Czech Republic. Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem., 65: 25-40.
  3. ^ Red List of the molluscs (Mollusca) of the Czech Republic http://mollusca.sav.sk/malacology/redlist.htm
  4. ^ Dušek J., Hošek M. & Kolářová J. (2007) Hodnotící zpráva o stavu z hlediska ochrany evropsky významných druhů a typů přírodních stanovišť v České republice za rok 2004-2006. - Ochrana přírody, 62(5): appendix 5:I-IV. (in Czech language)
  5. ^ Recherche de sites par espèce: Invertébrés: Moule perlière (Margaritifera margaritifera) (2007).
  6. ^ Glöer P. & Meier-Brook C. (2003) Süsswassermollusken. DJN, pp. 134, page 109, ISBN 3-923376-02-2
  7. ^ Invertebrate Ireland
  8. ^ Margaritifera margaritifera - Polska Czerwona Księga Zwierząt - Bezkręgowce
  9. ^ pl:Polska Czerwona Księga Zwierząt - Bezkręgowce
  10. ^ [1] cited 16 February 2007
  11. ^ Andreas Bartl. [http://www.briefmarken-archiv.de/brd/01/2002/a020602.htm Bauchige Windelschnecke und Flussperlmuschel]. Retrieved on 2007-05-14. (German)
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