French legislative election, November 1946
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Legislative election was held in France on 10 November 1946 to elect the first National Assembly of the Fourth Republic. The electoral system used was proportional representation.
After the rejection of a first constitutional draft (5 May 1946 referendum), a new provisional National Assembly was elected to elaborate a second text. The Christian-Democrat leader Georges Bidault (MRP) lead a government which included Socialists (SFIO) and Communists (PCF). This Three-parties alliance proposed the establishment of a parliamentary system.
Advocating a presidential government, Charles de Gaulle campaigned for a "No" vote. He warned against the "regime of the parties" which was, according to him, responsible for the 1940 collapse. His followers founded the Gaullist Union. The Rally of the Republican Lefts (an electoral alliance dominated by the Radical Party) and the classical Right also campaigned for a "No", because they were opposed to a constitutional change and to the economic policy of the three-parties alliance. Despite this, the second constitutional draft was approved by 13 October 1946 referendum.
The French voters were called to elect the first Assembly of the Fourth Republic. The Three-parties alliance won with a comfortable majority. The French Communist Party regained its position as the largest party to the detriment of the Christian-Democrats. It obtained the best electoral result in its history. The MRP and the SFIO vote decreased slightly.
Consequently, the PCF leader Maurice Thorez demanded to lead the government but his allies refused. Finally, the former Socialist Prime Minister Léon Blum took the head of the cabinet. Furthermore, another Socialist, Vincent Auriol, was elected President of France. The SFIO benefited from its position in the middle of the governmental alliance. But, the alliance split in due to the 1947 strikes and the beginning of the Cold War. The Communists ministers were dismissed by Socialist Prime Minister Paul Ramadier. The SFIO, the MRP, the Radicals and the classical Right allied to form the Third Force coalition, against the Communists on the one hand, and the Gaullists on the other.
[edit] Results
| Parties and coalitions | Abbr. | Votes | % | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| French Communist Party
(Parti communiste français) |
PCF | 5 430 593 | 28,3 | 182 | |
| Popular Republican Movement
(Mouvement républicain populaire) |
MRP | 4 988 609 | 26,0 | 173 | |
| French Section of the Workers' International
(Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière) |
SFIO | 3 433 901 | 17,9 | 102 | |
| Total "Three-parties alliance" | 13 853 103 | 72,1 | 457 | ||
| Republican Party of Liberty
(Parti républicain de la liberté)/Miscelleaneous right-wing |
PRL | 2 487 313 | 12,9 | 67 | |
| Rally of the Republican Lefts
(Rassemblement des gauches républicaines) |
RGR | 2 136 152 | 11,1 | 69 | |
| Gaullist Union
(Union gaulliste) |
UG | 585 430 | 3,0 | - | |
| Miscellaneous | 154 377 | 0,8 | 34 | ||
| Total | 19 216 375 | 100 | 627 | ||
| Abstention:20,9% | |||||
[edit] Sources
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