French legislative election, 1945
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A legislative election was held in France on October 21 1945 to elect the first legislature of the Provisional Government of the French Republic. 79.83% of voters participated. Women and soldiers were allowed to vote. 586 seats were elected through proportional representation.
Symbol of the French Resistance to the German occupation and founder of the Free French Forces General Charles de Gaulle led a provisional government composed of the three main political forces of the Resistance: the French Communist Party (PCF), the Socialists SFIO and the Christian Democratic MRP. It advocated an economic policy inspired by the programme of the National Council of Resistance: the creation of a Welfare State, and the nationalization of banks and major industrial companies (such as Renault). The opposition was composed of the parties which had dominated the pre-war governments of the Third Republic: the Radical Party and the classical Right.
On October 21 1945, the French voters were called to make two choices: the election of their deputies and a referendum in order to authorize the elected National Assembly to prepare a new constitutional text. De Gaulle and the "Three parties alliance called for a "Yes" vote, whereas the Radicals and the Conservatives campaigned for a "No". The "Yes" won by 96% of the votes. This result reflected the support for the provisional government and the popular will for change.
Unsurprisingly, the "Three-parties alliance" won a large majority in the National Assembly. The Radical Party, which had been the leading party of the left in the Third Republic suffered a catastrophic result, and the right was equally destroyed (due to its support of Petain). They appeared as being the forces of the past, as symbols of capitulation to Nazi Germany and the regime which collapsed in 1940.
The French Communist Party, which had already doubled its score in the previous 1936 elections, came out on top with around 26% of votes and 159 seats. While the PCF and SFIO favored a unicameral parliamentary regime, the MRP favored a bicameral legislature. De Gaulle advocated a presidential government. He resigned in January 1946. The PCF and SFIO proposals were rejected in the 5 May 1946 referendum. This assembly was dissolved.
[edit] Results
| Parties and coalitions | Abbr. | Votes | % | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| French Communist Party
(Parti communiste français) |
PCF | 5 024 174 | 26.23 | 159 | |
| Popular Republican Movement
(Mouvement républicain populaire) |
MRP | 4 580 222 | 23.91 | 150 | |
| French Section of the Workers International
(Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière) |
SFIO | 4 491 152 | 23.45 | 146 | |
| Total "Three-parties alliance" | 14 095 548 | 73.59 | 455 | ||
| Radical Party (Parti radical)/
Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (Union démocratique et socialiste de la Résistance) |
PR/UDSR | 2 018 665 | 10.54 | 71 | |
| Moderates (Right) (Modérés) | 3 001 063 | 15.67 | 53 | ||
| Miscellaneous | 37 440 | 0.20 | 7 | ||
| Total | 19 657 603 | 100 | 586 | ||
| Abstention: 20.17% | |||||
[edit] Sources
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