Frederick VI of Denmark

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Frederick VI
King of Denmark and Norway
Frederick VI painted by F.C. Grøger c. 1808.^[1]
Reign	1808-1839 (Denmark) 1808-1814 (Norway) (Both: regency since 1784)
Born	January 28, 1768(1768-01-28)
Birthplace	Christiansborg Palace, Copenhagen
Died	December 3, 1839 (aged 71)
Place of death	Amalienborg Palace, Copenhagen
Predecessor	Christian VII of Denmark
Successor	Christian VIII of Denmark
Consort	Marie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel
Issue	Christian Marie Louise Caroline Louise Christian Juliane Frederika Wilhelmine
Royal House	Oldenburg
Father	Christian VII of Denmark
Mother	Caroline Matilda of Wales

Frederick VI (January 28, 1768 - December 3, 1839) reigned as King of Denmark from 1808 to 1839, and as king of Norway from 1808 to 1814. He also served as Regent of Denmark from 1784 to 1808 under his father's name, just like his British cousin The Prince of Wales, later King George IV. His mother, Queen Caroline Mathilde, was a sister of King George III of the United Kingdom. His father, Christian VII, had major psychological problems, including suspected schizophrenia, expressed by catatonic periods, that resulted in his standing down from power for most of his reign.

During the regency, Frederick instituted widespread liberal reforms with the assistance of Chief Minister Andreas Peter Bernstorff, including the abolition of serfdom in 1788. Crises encountered during his reign include disagreement with the British over neutral shipping. This resulted in two British attacks on Danish shipping in 1801 and 1807. The former attack is known as the Battle of Copenhagen.

His wife was his first cousin Marie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel, a member of a German family with close marriage links with the Royal families of both Denmark and Great Britain. They married in 1790 and had eight children. The youngest of them, Princess Wilhelmine, became the wife of the future Frederick VII of Denmark. However, none of Frederick VI's sons survived infancy and when he died, he was succeeded by his cousin, Christian VIII of Denmark.

When the throne of Sweden showed signs of becoming unoccupied in 1809, Frederick was interested in becoming elected there, too. Frederick actually was the first monarch of Denmark and Norway to descend from Gustav I of Sweden who had secured Sweden's independence after union period with other Scandinavian countries. (Also Frederick's sister was such descendant, both through their mother and her mother. As well as Hereditary Prince Frederick of Denmark, their uncle, who descended through Queen Juliane.) However, firstly Frederick's brother-in-law the prince Augustus of Augustenborg got elected, then the French Marshal Bernadotte.

After his defeat in the Napoleonic Wars in 1814 and the loss of Norway, Frederick VI carried through an authoritatarian and reactionary course, giving up the liberal ideas of his years as a prince regent. Censorship and suppression of all opposition together with bad economic terms of the country made this period of his reign somewhat gloomy, though the king himself in general maintained his position of a "patriarch" and a well-meaning autocrat. From the 1830s the economic depression was eased a bit and from 1834 the king reluctantly accepted a small democratic innovation by the creation of the Assemblies of the Estate (purely consultative regional assemblies).

The surviving children of King Frederick VI and Queen Marie Sophie Frederikke were their two daughters:

Caroline of Denmark (1793-1881), married to her father's first cousin Frederick Ferdinand of Denmark, d. 1863 some months before his nephew Frederick VII of Denmark, Hereditary Prince of Denmark, son of Christian VIII of Denmark. Childless.

Wilhelmine of Denmark (1808-1891), firstly married to her second cousin Prince Frederik of Denmark, the future Frederick VII of Denmark, but they divorced, and she married secondly Duke Charles of Lyksborg (=Duke of Glucksburg), who was eldest brother of the future Christian IX of Denmark. Both her marriages were childless.

Frederick VI was known as a patron of astronomy and in 1832 offered gold medal prizes to anyone who discovered a comet using a telescope. His successors continued this until 1850. The prize was terminated in the aftermath of the First War of Schleswig.

After discovery of Haraldskær Woman in a peat bog in Jutland in the year 1835, Frederick VI ordered a royal interment in an elaborately carved sarcophagus for the Iron Age mummy, decreeing it to be the body of Queen Gunhild. Later this identity proved incorrect, but the action suited his political agenda of the time.

[edit] Ancestors

**Frederick's ancestors in three generations**
Frederick VI of Denmark	Father: Christian VII of Denmark	Paternal Grandfather: Frederick V of Denmark	Paternal Great-grandfather: Christian VI of Denmark
			Paternal Great-grandmother: Sophia Magdalen of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
		Paternal Grandmother: Louise of Great Britain	Paternal Great-grandfather: George II of Great Britain
			Paternal Great-grandmother: Caroline of Ansbach
	Mother: Caroline Matilda of Wales	Maternal Grandfather: Frederick, Prince of Wales	Maternal Great-grandfather: George II of Great Britain
			Maternal Great-grandmother: Caroline of Ansbach
		Maternal Grandmother: Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha	Maternal Great-grandfather: Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
			Maternal Great-grandmother: Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst

Regnal titles
Frederick VI House of Oldenburg Born: January 28, 1768 Died: December 3, 1839
Preceded by Christian VII	King of Denmark 1808-1839	Succeeded by Christian VIII
Preceded by Christian VII	King of Norway 1808-1814	Succeeded by Christian Frederick

v • d • e Monarchs of Denmark

Early Danish monarchs	(Harthacnut) · Gorm the Old · Harald Bluetooth · Sweyn Forkbeard^†* · Harald II · Canute the Great^†* · Harthacanute* · Magnus the Good^† · Sweyn II · Harald III · Canute the Saint · Olaf I · Eric Evergood · Niels · Eric the Memorable · Eric Lamb · Sweyn Grathe & Canute V & Valdemar the Great · Canute VI · Valdemar the Victorious · Eric Plough-tax · Abel · Christopher I · Eric Klipping · Eric Menved · Christopher II · Valdemar III · Christopher II · Valdemar Atterdag · Olaf II^† · Margaret I^†^‡

House of Palatinate-Neumarkt	Eric of Pomerania^†^‡ · Christopher of Bavaria^†^‡

House of Oldenburg	Christian I^†^‡ · Hans^†^‡ · Christian II^†^‡ · Frederick I^† · Christian III^† · Frederick II^† · Christian IV^† · Frederick III^† · Christian V^† · Frederick IV^† · Christian VI^† · Frederick V^† · Christian VII^† · Frederick VI^† · Christian VIII^† · Frederick VII

House of Schleswig- Holstein-Sonderburg- Glücksburg	Christian IX · Frederick VIII · Christian X^§ · Frederick IX · Margrethe II

^† also Monarch of Norway · ^‡ also Monarch of Sweden · * also Monarch of England · ^§ also Monarch of Iceland

v • d • e Monarchs of Norway

Fairhair dynasty (except *)	Harald Fairhair · Eric Bloodaxe · Haakon the Good · Harald Greycloak · Haakon Sigurdsson* · Olaf Tryggvason · Eiríkr Hákonarson (R)* & Sveinn Hákonarson (R)* & Hákon Eiríksson (R)* · Sweyn Forkbeard^†^§ · Olaf the Saint · Hákon Eiríksson (R) · Canute the Great*^†^§ · Sveinn Álfífuson · Magnus the Good^† · Harald Hardrada · Magnus Haraldsson · Olaf Kyrre · Haakon Magnusson & Magnus Barefoot · Olaf Magnusson · Eystein Magnusson · Sigurd the Crusader · Magnus the Blind · Harald Gille · Sigurd Munn · Eystein Haraldsson · Inge Haraldsson · Haakon Herdebrei · Magnus Erlingsson · Sverre Sigurdsson · Haakon Sverresson · Guttorm Sigurdsson · Inge Bårdsson · Haakon Haakonsson · Magnus the Law-mender · Eric Magnusson · Haakon V Magnusson

House of Bjelbo	Magnus Ericsson^‡ · Haakon VI Magnusson^‡ · Olaf IV Haakonsson^†

The Kalmar union	Margaret^†^‡ · Eric of Pomerania^†^‡ · Christopher of Bavaria^†^‡ · Charles I^‡

House of Oldenburg (Union with Denmark)	Christian I^† · Hans^† · Christian II^† · Frederick I^† · Christian III^† · Frederick II^† · Christian IV^† · Frederick III^† · Christian V^† · Frederick IV^† · Christian VI^† · Frederick V^† · Christian VII^† · Frederick VI^†

Independence of 1814	Christian Frederick^†

House of Bernadotte (Union with Sweden)	Charles II (not Bernadotte)^‡ · Charles III John^‡ · Oscar I^‡ · Charles IV^‡ · Oscar II^‡

House of Schleswig-Holstein- Sonderburg-Glücksburg	Haakon VII · Olav V · Harald V

(R) Regent · ^† also Monarch of Denmark · ^‡ also Monarch of Sweden · ^§ also Monarch of England

[edit] References

^ Official website of Rosenborg Castle. Biography of King Frederick VI (Danish)

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