Talk:Fraud

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Criminal justice Portal
This article is part of WikiProject Crime, an attempt to build a comprehensive and detailed guide on true crime and criminology-related articles on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, you can edit the article attached to this page, or visit the project page, where you can join the project and/or contribute to the discussion.
??? This article has not yet received a rating on the assessment scale.
WikiProject Crime To-do:
⚖
Law Portal
This article is within the scope of WikiProject Law, an attempt at providing a comprehensive, standardised, pan-jurisdictional and up-to-date resource for the legal field and the subjects encompassed by it.
Start This article has been rated as Start-Class on the assessment scale.
Top This article has been assessed as Top-importance on the assessment scale.
This article is being improved by WikiProject Rational Skepticism. Wikiproject Rational Skepticism seeks to improve the quality of articles dealing with science, pseudosciences, pseudohistory and skepticism. Please feel free to help us improve this page.

See Wikipedia:Contributing FAQ.
Start This article has been rated as Start-Class on the Project's quality scale.
(If you rated the article please give a short summary at comments to explain the ratings and/or to identify the strengths and weaknesses.)
This article has been marked as needing immediate attention.

So Uri Geller cannot be a fraud because he does not commit a crime? Andries 04:26, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

This article discusses the crime named "fraud", which has a specific meaning in common and statute law. If Uri Geller has committed that crime, then he is literally a fraudster, yes. However, we also often use crimes as metaphors in English -- "The Red Sox murdered the Yankees," "Douglas Hofstadter stole the word 'meme' from Richard Dawkins," "The corporate restructuring raped, pillaged, and looted the IT department." In this sense, if Uri Geller makes his living by fooling people, he is a fraud even if he has not actually committed the crime called "fraud".
Wikipedia is not a dictionary. We don't usually record every metaphoric or dialect use of a word that happens to be the title of an article. In a dictionary, entries are about words and their usages. In an encyclopedia, articles are about things that the words just happen to refer to. --FOo 05:25, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Lawyers seem to like capturing words and seizing them for their own use, then referring to everyone else's use of them as technically incorrect and mere metaphor! Case in point: John Austin actually declared that the word "law" itself, when used to describe laws of nature, was merely an analogy and basically metaphorical, while etymologists believe that the word "law" was actually in existence and usage before lawyers took it over. It's obviously correct to say that Wikipedia is not a dictionary. But do look "fraud" up in the dictionary! According to the Oxford English Dictionary fraud has two meanings - the legal sense and the wider sense of intended deception (I am slightly dubious whether the OED has nailed the second definition spot on - three other dictionaries require wrongdoing or unfairness even in the broad sense of the word, but the OED only requires intent to deceive. But please note that all 4 definitions I have checked up in refer to a wider phenomenon of fraud, and two of them don't note the legal meaning at all!). The wider use is not just a misapplication of the strict legal sense of fraud, it is not just a metaphor, it actually refers to a phenomenon in its own right - one that spans art, scientific research, medicine, politics and entertainment. This phenomenon is not so broad that it would be unencylopaedic to cover it. Further, you can't just say "for information on the non-legal sense of fraud, see Hoax", because the phenomonen of fraud actually encompasses things like ballot fraud which hoax doesn't. It will take some work to produce a wider article, but for now I will at least change the wording of the introduction and put in a link to "Hoax" which covers some frauds which are not frauds in the legal sense. --VivaEmilyDavies 23:39, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

When editing this I removed the reference to Pater Pio under the criminal fraud section (as a "pious fraud"). Did he really commit criminal fraud? I believe he was a hoax, but was he acting for personal gain? If not he isn't even a fraud in the civil law sense, or even in the broadest, not specifically legal, sense if you ignore the OED and include a requirement of personal gain for fraud. At any rate (a) his own article doesn't list him as a certified fraud, declaring him to be one here would be both inconsistent and POV (especially as anyone wanting to defend Pater Pio from allegations of fraud might not know to come here and do it - this page links to Pater Pio but not vice versa) and (b) the place to cite him as a fraud would be in the "examples" section further below - but those known examples seem to done-and-dusted, legally-proven cases of fraud, amongst which Pater Pio does not fit. "Pious frauds" as an idea is well worth keeping in the example, and hopefully will be made into a very interesting article, quite probably covering Pater Pio - but that's the place to do it, not a throwaway reference here! --VivaEmilyDavies 00:10, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Also, thinking about it, I don't think the statement on the legal definition is correct either - fraud doesn't have to be a tort or crime in its own right, I know that at least in England and Wales, "fraud" may form an element of another crime, such as kidnap. Some work needs to be done... --131.111.8.97 18:02, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Contents

[edit] Fraudulent hoax

We should merge some content from Hoax and Fraud to Fraudulent hoax. --TheSamurai 23:29, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

ManyFacets 8:49, 8 Dec 2005(EST) Legally, fraud has some very specific definitions. Since I am not a lawyer, and do not even play one on the Internet, can a lawyer or law student take a look and add the below constituents of fraud to the wiki definition?:

The elements of fraud are:
1 An affirmative misrepresentation
2 Scienter – Intent
3 Must be intended to induce reliance.
4 There must be reliance.
5 Must be damage

[edit] Fraud & Skimming Cases

According to rules and regulations any card available at the merchant outlet or swiped before reported lost/stolen or skimmed, the card holder would be liable to all the transactions. why would one go through the whole saga of dispute when he/she is liable for the transaction even when he/she did not participate in it. There is no 100% trust on these pieces of plastic? What can be done to prevent fraud and skimming cases? What happens if the organisation doesn't have the amount of customers to meet the chip & pin standards?

[edit] Employers fraud?

If an employer intentionally under-pays its workers, presenting the amount of wages paid as the correct amount (e.g. by reducing hours on wage slip or miscalculating) when the correct wages would be higher, is that fraud? Or is that some other crime? I assume it is a crime? N-edits 16:01, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

[edit] VANDALISM

The "N..." word appears on the wikipedia page for 'fraud', over and over. I dont know how to remove this. It only shows when you use the small search box and type in "fraud", but not when you search from the homepage. It doesn't appear to be editable. Please remove this. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 76.19.148.87 (talk) 04:06, 24 February 2007 (UTC).

[edit] Addition of "g00ns" to Notable Fraudsters

I believe the ^subject headline^ should be executed. However, if others believe this would boost their morale, ignore my request.

[edit] Adding a link

I work for the America's Most Wanted Safety Center, a new department of America's Most Wanted getting away from the capturing of criminals, and branching out to all aspects of safety. I feel a link to our post about spotting and reporting email scams would be appropriate and mutually beneficial because it would give fed up patrons of Wikipedia the opportunity to see justice served. The link is http://www.amw.com/safety/?p=32 please consider it. Jrosenfe 16:07, 22 June 2007 (UTC)


[edit] See Also

A link to Fraud deterrence should be included in the "See Also" section. 4111cca 18:40, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

I've added the link, but in the future you can be bold and add it yourself. Also, don't forget to sign your posts by typing ~~~~ at the end of your posts. Natalie 18:17, 7 August 2007 (UTC)


I wanted to be bold, but the article was semi-protected and wouldn't let me change it. Sorry about the sig.... 4111cca 18:39, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

My bad, I didn't notice it was semi protected. We've had problems with a persistent IP vandal. Natalie 18:40, 7 August 2007 (UTC)


Funny enough, it now lets me edit it, anywho, thanks for doing it anyway! 4111cca 18:41, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

Your account is four days old, so it is now "autoconfirmed" - you can now edit semiprotected pages as well as move pages. Natalie 21:51, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

[edit] First footnote

The first footnote in this article appears to be a link to a commercial website. Shouldn't it be removed?

[edit] trimming the see also section

The see also section is getting a bit too long to be very useful, but I'm not sure what should be cut. I did notice, though, that most of the see alsos are specific types of fraud, so perhaps we should create a "types of fraud" category or page and then simply direct people to that. Thoughts? Natalie 20:34, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

[edit] See External links! smallscams.com does not exist

Checked on http://whois.domaintools.com/smallscams.com and it says Small Scams does NOT exist. You should remove it! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Fortisever (talk • contribs) 22:14, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

[edit] Shinichi Fujimura

Here is the article about the criminal offense. Although Fujimura's misconduct can be seen as a fraud in the general meaning, there's more suitable article such as Scientific misconduct or Academic dishonesty, in which Fujimura was already mentioned. And I think there is a more appropriate example of scientific fraud than Fujimura's one. --Amagase (talk) 12:31, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

I added the more famous examples of scientific frauds than Fujimura. You satisfy this, don't you? And I warn Appletrees not to make a personal attack without any evidence --Amagase (talk) 13:56, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
That's what you're thinking. Fujimura has been more famous and conducted shocking incident in history field for a long time. I warn you about your personal attack and 'bad faith' edit. Besides, the case is so famous that the information has been addressed for over 2 years here. If you want to complain about the information being here, do to Fujimura who committed the crime, or User:Skysmith who initially added the info, or other editors who agreed with the addition for 2 years. As you wrote the above statement, you declared the "revenge" as contrasting you-know-what cases. I pointed out your bad assumption, and why would be falsely blamed of making such act by you? It is so funny. --Appletrees (talk) 14:32, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
Well most people don't agree your opinion. Here are the google search results.
747 hits for "Fujimura shinichi"
114,000 hits for "Hwang Woo Suk"
33,000 hits for "Charles Dawson"
You imply I'm covering up the awkward case for Japanese, because I am a Japanese user. The reason why I removed the Fujimura's link is shown above and it's obviously reasonable. But you reverted my edit so I compromised and added the more suitable names for scientific frauds. AND YOU REVERT MY EDITS AGAIN AND LEAVE ONLY THE FUJIMURA'S CASE. Do you have any comments? I remember you wrote a nasty message in the edit summary box of the other article. If you would continue to criticize me without evidence, I should bring your attitude into official question. --Amagase (talk) 14:55, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
Most of people? Who? With what definition and ground? Even if you're right, mentioning 'most people' is meaningless here and unwarranted for your claim. The result by the "Japanese" google engine with "English name" shows a defect to justify your act. I certainly left your addition which is a compromised version, so please try to say "truth". If your edits don't constitute to Wikipedia policies, I have a valid reason to "REVERT YOUR EDIT". What is official question? Are you threatening me? Thus, you are also violating WP:OWN and WP:THREAT Don't forget you already violated WP:3RR but I let it because I expected you to behave civil. If you keeping such, you better prepare to be questioned for your conduct. --Appletrees (talk) 15:40, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
Google results don't change if you would switch your interface language. I showed the google results as a source of my opinion, but what is your ground? You show nothing and just repeat the reverts. I have checked your recent edits and easily noticed your obvious anti-Japanese and Korean nationalistic attitude. All of your edits in the ancient Japan-related articles, such as Talk:Japanese language or Talk:Imperial House of Japan are based on the spread-eagleism with dubious sources. Why you use more reliable source such as academic journals or evaluated books? If you want to bring the discussion to the administrator's board, feel free to do so. --Amagase (talk) 16:44, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
You're speaking a totally irrelevant matter here which doesn't make your edit legitimate. I already said my rationale above, because his fraud is very notable and suits for what fraud defines. You keep making personal attacks and falsely accusing me of removing your edit that is surely a LIE. Then you call me "anti-Japanese sentiement" and "nationalistic Korean"? Your ill faith and personal attacks are not tolerable. I already acknowledge your behavior as removing all mentions about Korean on ancient history of Japan. So your allegation looks groundless and makes you more unreasonable. Your adding 'Hwang Woo-seok is also "revenge" and you violated 3RR. What is your excuse?--Appletrees (talk) 16:59, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
OK, Go on this absurd argument till the last. I'm certain that you should be removed from the Wikiepdia community. --Amagase (talk) 17:15, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
This another personal attack and threat tells who you are. That is pretty sad.--Appletrees (talk) 17:37, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

Here are violations you have done here. WP:3RR, WP:AGF, WP:CIVIL, WP:POINT, WP:THREAT, No Personal Attack, WP:OWN, WP:NPOV. You must read the article again, especially the intro. "Defrauding people of money is presumably the most common type of fraud, but there have also been many fraudulent "discoveries" in art, archaeology, and science." The latter two fields are distinctly separate even thought archeoology is a kind of social science, scholarly, it belongs to anthropology and history. Fujimura is an archaeologist, so that his case has been a good example of the archaeological fraud. Therefore, you should've provided a good rationale for your removal of the perfect example from the article. Rather, you insist on replacing it with Korean example in order to retaliate against my revert. You also placed the new addition at the top of the section, and the placement is very odd because if you really want to compromise with me, you should've made a group to Fujimura, the other archaeological case and the science case. You think Hwang Woo-seok case is more notable and I think Fujimura is more notable, so we disagree on the point. Besides, google search result is sometimes deceptive, and it is also funny that Japanese editors strongly disagreed to reflect the method at Dokdo and Sea of Japan. hmm.. double standard?

In addition, you blatantly lie that I erased your addition and don't want it to be included. Your threats and personal attacks here and at WP:AN3 truly degrade your reputation and credibility. In the current situation, you're speaking very nasty (quote from you). I don't wonder where you get the idea to request for arbitration before WP:ANI or "WP:RFC" that is two step forward, because I saw the same agenda at 2channel board. I'm the one who should Japanese editors's long time abuses and biased edits to arbitration. They talk that I'm the only one to defy against alterations by 2channel, but they're many here with socks/meats. The distinctive example is the poll at Talk:Sea of Japan#2channel meatpuppets from 朝鮮人のWikipedia（ｳｨｷﾍﾟﾃﾞｨｱ）捏造に対抗せよ 21, and you can't deny the fact. If you want to get respected by others, please respect people first. You also should keep in mind that who has been altering information based on anti-sentiment and bias, so don't produce untruthful comments on me any more. You're not a neutral editor but prove yourself higly uncivil and non-Korean editor for Japanese sake. In my memory, I have not added anything to articles related to ancient history of Japan but restored your friends' blanking without discussion or rationale. Here is English Wikipedia, so unnecessary, POV and undue addition of Japanese names is not needed on articles. It is so clear that you're editing unfair in the rude manner.--Appletrees (talk) 21:29, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

[edit] WP:BLP warning

Personal nastiness aside, Amagase was right with his original version. Academic fraud and fraud in the technical, criminal sense are two different things. People like Fujimura belong in the former article, not here. This list should only contain people who can be documented to have been actually convicted of fraud in the sense of the law. Since this is a WP:BLP issue, stamping living individuals as criminals, I strongly warn editors against re-introducing names here that do not fulfil this criterion. Fut.Perf. ☼ 07:07, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

[edit] Blanking of the most notable frauds

Blanking of the name of the Piltdown fraudster in the list was very ill-advised, in light of our own article on Fraud, which states "there have also been many fraudulent 'discoveries' in art, archaeology, and science." Blanking of one of the most notable examples of fraud ever in recorded history needs to have strong consensus (and one backed up by our own article) first. Falling back on an insistence of using a legal definition rather than relying on the actual English definition of the word is similarly lawyerly, untenable, and something that also requires consensus. We must not prevent our readers from obtaining the information they should expect to get from this article. Badagnani (talk) 07:37, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

Removing the Japanese fraudster "because there is no evidence of conviction" makes no sense, as, according to his article, the individual "confessed and apologized the same day in a press conference. He said that he had been "possessed by an uncontrollable urge". It appears that the insistence on conviction as evidence of fraud and criterion for inclusion in Wikipedia was concocted purely as a ploy for, at least in this instance, putting the brakes on the ubiquitous Korean-Japanese Wikipedia feud. However, if it's a notable, admitted fraud, it's a fraud, independent of said feud. Badagnani (talk) 07:43, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

My first removal was just reverting to the status quo ante, before the rather disruptive dispute between Appletrees and Amagase. The Piltdown guy had never been in this list before. The Japanese guy confessed to forging archaeological artefacts, and he is therefore rightly covered at Archaeological forgery, but he neither confessed to nor was apparently ever investigated for "fraud" in the technical sense, which is what this article despite your objection is in fact primarily about (being in an article series on criminal law and all that.) As for the Piltdown guy, speculating on whether his behaviour would have constituted fraud in the technical sense is probably mute, since he died before his forgeries were uncovered; my own feeling is his inclusion here would therefore be OR, but since it's not a BLP issue, I'll leave that to local consensus to work out. Fut.Perf. ☼ 08:34, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

Please rename the "Real Estate Trends" to "Real Estate Fraud". 122.54.242.163 (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 06:01, 28 April 2008 (UTC)