Frank Capra

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Frank Capra

Frank Capra cuts Army film as a Signal Corps Reserve major during World War II.
Born Francesco Rosario Capra
18 May 1897 (1897-05-18)
Bisacquino, Sicily, Italy
Died 3 September 1991 (aged 94)
La Quinta, California, U.S.
Spouse(s) Helen Howell (1923-1927) (divorced)
Lou Capra (1932-1984) (deceased); 3 children
Frank Capra
In office
1935 – 1939
Preceded by Frank Lloyd
Succeeded by Walter Wanger
For other persons named Frank Capra, see Frank Capra (disambiguation).

Frank Russell Capra (May 18, 1897–September 3, 1991) was an Academy Award winning Italian-American film director and a major creative force behind a number of highly popular films of the 1930s and 1940s, including It's a Wonderful Life and Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, among others.

Contents

[edit] Early life

Born Francesco Rosario Capra in Bisacquino, Sicily, Capra and his family—his father Salvatore, his mother Rosaria Nicolosi, and his siblings Giuseppa, Giuseppe, and Antonia—immigrated to the United States in 1903.

In California the family met with Benedetto Capra (the oldest sibling) and settled in Los Angeles. In 1918, Frank Capra graduated from Throop Institute (now the California Institute of Technology) with a Bachelor of Science degree in chemical engineering. During World War I, Capra enlisted in the United States Army on October 18, 1918. However, while at the Presidio, he became ill with Spanish flu and was medically discharged on December 13.

He became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1920, adopting the name Frank Russell Capra.

[edit] Film career

Capra began as a prop man in silent films.[1] However, he wrote and directed silent film comedies starring Harry Langdon and the Our Gang kids. Capra went to work for Mack Sennett in 1924 and then moved to Columbia Pictures, where he formed a close association with screenwriter Robert Riskin (husband of Fay Wray) and cameraman Joseph Walker. However, Sidney Buchman replaced Riskin as writer in 1940.

For the 1934 film It Happened One Night, Robert Montgomery and Myrna Loy were originally offered the roles, but each felt that the script was poor, and Loy described it is one of the worst she had ever read, later noting that the final version bore little resemblance to the script she and Montgomery were offered.[2]After Loy, Miriam Hopkins and Margaret Sullavan also each rejected the part.[3] Constance Bennett wanted to, but only if she could produce it herself. Then Bette Davis wanted the role,[4] but she was under contract with Warner Brothers and Jack Warner refused to loan her to Columbia Studios.[5] Capra was unable to get any of the actresses he wanted for the part of Ellie Andrews, partly because no self-respecting star would make a film with only two costumes.[6] Harry Cohn suggested Claudette Colbert to play the lead role. Both Capra and Clark Gable enjoyed making the movie; Colbert did not. After the 1934 film It Happened One Night, Capra directed a steady stream of films for Columbia intended to be inspirational and humanitarian.

The best known are Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, the original Lost Horizon, You Can't Take It with You, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, and It's a Wonderful Life. His ten-year break from screwball comedy ended with the comedy Arsenic and Old Lace. Among the actors who owed much of their early success to Capra were Gary Cooper, Jean Arthur, James Stewart, Barbara Stanwyck, Cary Grant and Donna Reed. Capra credited Jean Arthur as "my favorite actress".

Capra's films in the 1930s enjoyed success at the Academy Awards. It Happened One Night was the first film to win all five top Oscars (Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Screenplay). In 1936, Capra won his second Best Director Oscar for Mr. Deeds Goes to Town; in 1938 he won his third Director Oscar in five years for You Can't Take It with You, which also won Best Picture. In addition to his three directing wins, Capra received directing nominations for three other films (Lady for a Day, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, and It's a Wonderful Life). On March 5, 1936, Capra was also host of the 8th Academy Awards ceremony.

[edit] World War II

Capra was faced with convincing an isolationist nation to enter the war,[citation needed] desegregate the troops,[citation needed] and ally with the Russians,[citation needed] among other things. Capra wanted to counter the films of German filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl, especially Triumph of the Will.

Capra produced State of the Union and directed or co-directed eight documentary propaganda films between 1942 and 1948, including the seven-episode U.S. government-commissioned Why We Fight series—consisting of Prelude to War (1942), The Nazis Strike (1942), The Battle of Britain (1943), Divide and Conquer (1943), Know Your Enemy: Japan (1945), Tunisian Victory (1945), and Two Down and One to Go (1945)—as well as produced the African-American targeted The Negro Soldier (1944). Why We Fight, is widely considered a masterpiece of propaganda and won an Academy Award. Prelude to War won the 1942 Academy Award for Documentary Feature. Capra regarded these films as his most important works.

[edit] Postwar

Donna Reed, James Stewart, and Karolyn Grimes in It's a Wonderful Life (1946).
Donna Reed, James Stewart, and Karolyn Grimes in It's a Wonderful Life (1946).

It's a Wonderful Life (1946) was considered a box office disappointment but it was nominated for the Academy Awards for Best Director, Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Sound Recording and Best Editing. The American Film Institute named it one of the best films ever made, putting it at the top of the list of AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers, a list of what AFI considers to be the most inspirational American movies of all time. The film also appeared in another AFI Top 100 list: it placed at 11th on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies list of the top American films.

Capra's final theatrical film was with Glenn Ford and Bette Davis, named Pocketful of Miracles (1961). He planned to do a science fiction film later in the decade but never got around to pre-production. Capra produced several science-related television specials for the Bell Telephone System, such as "The Strange Case of the Cosmic Rays."

Capra films usually carry a definite message about the basic goodness of human nature and show the value of unselfishness and hard work. His wholesome, feel-good themes have led his works to be called, by some, "Capra-corn." However, many others who see the positive aspects of Capra's works prefer the term, "Capraesque." It may be argued that much of the 'feel-good' type of cinema that has somewhat become a genre of its own, for better or for worse, is largely Frank Capra's legacy.[citation needed]

[edit] Capra in the media

In 1971, Capra published his autobiography, The Name Above the Title. Uncompromising in its details, it offers a compelling self-portrait. It is, however, not considered to be entirely reliable as regards dates and facts; one commentator asserts that it "appears to have been a lie practically from beginning to end".[7]

Capra was also the subject of a 1991 biography by Joseph McBride entitled Frank Capra: The Catastrophe of Success. McBride challenges many of the impressions left by Capra's autobiography.

[edit] Death and legacy

Frank Capra died in La Quinta, California of a heart attack in his sleep in 1991 at the age of 94. He was interred in the Coachella Valley Cemetery in Coachella, California.

He left part of his 1,100-acre (4 km²) ranch in Fallbrook, California to Caltech.[8]

His son Frank Capra, Jr. — one of the three children born to Capra's second wife, Lou Capra — was the president of EUE Screen Gems Studios, in Wilmington, North Carolina until his death on December 19, 2007. Frank Capra's grandson is Frank Capra III.

[edit] AFI 100 Years... series

[edit] United States National Film Registry

[edit] Filmography

[edit] Quotes

  • "There are no rules in filmmaking, only sins. And the cardinal sin is dullness."[9]

[edit] See also

[edit] See also

United States Army Portal

[edit] References

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Capra 1971, pp. 17, 20.
  2. ^ Kotsabilas-Davis and Loy 1987, p. 94.
  3. ^ Wiley and Bona 1987, p. 54.
  4. ^ Weems, Erik. "It Happened One Night - Frank Capra." Updated June 22, 2006.
  5. ^ Chandler 2006, p. 102.
  6. ^ moviediva ItHappenedOneNight
  7. ^ Gewen 1992
  8. ^ The Caltech Y History
  9. ^ Capra 1971

[edit] Bibliography

  • Capra, Frank. Frank Capra, The Name Above the Title: An Autobiography. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1971. ISBN 0-30680-771-8.
  • Chandler, Charlotte. The Girl Who Walked Home Alone: Bette Davis, A Personal Biography. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006. ISBN 0-78628-639-3.
  • Gewen, Barry. "It Wasn't Such a Wonderful Life." The New York Times, May 3, 1992. It Wasn't Such a Wonderful Life Retrieved: May 2, 2007.
  • Kotsabilas-Davis, James and Loy, Myrna. Being and Becoming. New York: Primus, Donald I Fine Inc., 1987. ISBN 1-55611-101-0.
  • McBride, Joseph. Frank Capra: The Catastrophe of Success. New York: Touchstone Books, 1992. ISBN 0-671-79788-3.
  • Oderman, Stuart. Talking To the Piano Player: Silent Film Stars, Writers and Directors Remember. Albany, Georgia: BearManor Media, 2005. ISBN 1-59393-013-5.
  • Wiley, Mason and Bona, Damien. Inside Oscar: The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York: Ballantine Books, 1987. ISBN 0-345-34453-7.

[edit] External links

Awards
Preceded by
Billy Wilder
for The Lost Weekend		 Golden Globe Award for Best Director - Motion Picture
for It's a Wonderful Life
1947		 Succeeded by
Elia Kazan
for Gentleman's Agreement
v • d • e
Academy Award for Best Director

Frank Borzage (1927) · Lewis Milestone (1928) · Frank Lloyd (1929) · Lewis Milestone (1930) · Norman Taurog (1931) · Frank Borzage (1932) · Frank Lloyd (1933) · Frank Capra (1934) · John Ford (1935) · Frank Capra (1936) · Leo McCarey (1937) · Frank Capra (1938) · Victor Fleming (1939) · John Ford (1940)

Complete List · (1927–1940) · (1941–1960) · (1961–1980) · (1981–2000) · (2001-present)
v • d • e
Hosts of the Academy Awards ceremonies

Douglas Fairbanks / William C. DeMille (1929) · William C. DeMille (1930) · Conrad Nagel (1930) · Lawrence Grant (1931) · Lionel Barrymore / Conrad Nagel (1932) · Will Rogers (1934) · Irvin S. Cobb (1935) · Frank Capra (1936) · George Jessel (1937) · Bob Burns (1938) · Bob Hope (1940)
v • d • e
Presidents of the Screen Directors Guild and the Directors Guild of America

King Vidor (1936) · Frank Capra (1939) · George Stevens (1941) · Mark Sandrich (1943) · John Cromwell (1944) · George Marshall (1948) · Joseph L. Mankiewicz (1950) · George Sidney (1951) · Frank Capra (1960) · George Sidney (1961) · Delbert Mann (1967) · Robert Wise (1971) · Robert Aldrich (1975) · George Schaefer (1979) · Jud Taylor (1981) · Gilbert Cates (1983) · Franklin Schaffner (1987) · Gene Reynolds (1993) · Jack Shea (1997) · Martha Coolidge (2002) · Michael Apted (2003)
v • d • e
Films Directed by Frank Capra
1920s
The Strong Man • For the Love of Mike • Long Pants • The Power of the Press • Say It with Sables • So This Is Love? • Submarine • The Way of the Strong • That Certain Thing • The Matinee Idol • Flight • The Donovan Affair • The Younger Generation
1930s
1940s
1950s-1960s
Persondata
NAME Capra, Frank
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Capra, Francesco Rosario
SHORT DESCRIPTION Academy Award winning Italian-American film director
DATE OF BIRTH 18 May 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH Bisacquino, Sicily, Italy
DATE OF DEATH 3 September 1991
PLACE OF DEATH La Quinta, California, U.S.