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Franciscus Raphelengius (February 27, 1539 — July 1597) was a Dutch scholar, printer and bookseller, based in Leiden. He held the chair in Hebrew at Leiden from 1587, and also had knowledge of Arabic and Persian. He wrote an Arabic-Latin lexicon, which was published posthumously in 1613. This was said to be the first proper dictionary of the Arabic language. Raphelengius was the son-in-law of printer Christopher Plantin and managed the Plantin office in Leiden. He collaborated on the Antwerp Polyglot Bible, and was official printer for the university. His scholarly printing qualities were one of the attractions that drew Joseph Justus Scaliger to Leiden in 1593.
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