Francisco Ciutat de Miguel

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Francisco Ciutat de Miguel (1909 – November 30, 1986) (known as Angelito)[1] was a Spanish communist[2] Lieutenant of infantry and Commander. He fought the Battle of Santander during the Spanish Civil War in the summer of 1937 as a Chief of Operations of the Army of the North.[3]

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[edit] Outside Spain

After the end of the Civil War, de Miguel fled to the Soviet Union[2] where he joined the Voroshilov Academy and married Sofía Kokuina.[4] He later participated as a foreign military advisor to the Cuban Army during the Bay of Pigs Invasion.[1] He also assisted the Algerian Army against Morocco during the Sand War and participated in the Vietnam War.[5]

He later returned to Spain in 1977 after the death of Francisco Franco.[5]

[edit] Aliases

Ciutat de Miguel had many aliases:

  • Masonic name: Algazel
  • Russian name: Pavel Pablovich Stepanov
  • Cuban alias: Ángel Martínez Riosola[6]
  • Short name: Paco
  • Commonly referred to as Angelito

[edit] Bibliography

  • Relatos y reflexiones de la Guerra de España 1936-1939 - Francisco Ciutat de Miguel. Forma Ediciones. Madrid 1978. (Spanish)

[edit] References and notes

  1. ^ a b Zona de guerra: Espana y la revolucion cubana (1960–1962). Duke University Press. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  2. ^ a b Aub, Max (2000). Campo de los almendros. Editorial Castalia, p.204. ISBN 8-4703-9858-X. 
  3. ^ Batalla de Santander (htm). OdB GCE. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  4. ^ Memoria republicana. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  5. ^ a b Un hombre que tuvo tres nombres. Mercedes Rodríguez García. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  6. ^ "Te llamarás Ángel, Ángel Martínez Riosola" (given by Fidel Castro). Mercedes Rodríguez García. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
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