FR Fireball
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| FR-1 Fireball | |
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| Type | Fighter |
| Manufacturer | Ryan Aeronautical Company |
| Designed by | Benjamin Tyler Salmon |
| Maiden flight | 25 June 1944 |
| Introduced | March 1945 |
| Primary user | United States Navy |
| Produced | 1944–1945 |
| Number built | 66 |
The Ryan FR Fireball was a composite propeller and jet-powered aircraft designed for the United States Navy during World War II. The Fireball entered service before the end of the war, but did not see combat. The FR-1 Fireball was the US Navy's first aircraft with jet propulsion.
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[edit] Design and development
Design began in 1943 to a proposal instigated by Admiral John S. McCain, Sr. for a composite-powered fighter; early jet engines had sluggish acceleration which was considered unsafe and unsuitable for aircraft carrier takeoff and landing. Ryan aeronautical engineer Benjamin Tyler Salmon was tasked with designing a plane to meet these criteria. His solution was a composite design that allowed for conventional piston-powered flight but gave a jet for higher speeds.
The first prototype flew on 25 June 1944, but it was lost in a crash at China Lake NAS in October that year. Investigation showed that the wing rivets were insufficiently strong, a problem cured by doubling the number of rivets, but not before the other two prototypes crashed in similar fashion.
[edit] Operational history
Orders for 700 aircraft were placed, but only 66 were delivered before Japan's surrender. One squadron, VF-66, was equipped with the aircraft before war's end, but they never saw combat. The Fireball was the first American aircraft to land under jet power on a ship, on the escort carrier USS Wake Island on 6 November 1945. US Navy pilots considered Fireball to be a uniquely poorly chosen name, given its "fiery accident" connotations.
The aircraft were withdrawn in 1947, fairly soon after the war's end. With the rapid advance in technology, and the removal of the pressing need to get anything into combat quickly, the Navy decided to wait for better aircraft to be developed.
The FR-1 Fireball was further developed into the XFR-2 which used a 1500 hp Wright R-1820-74W in place of the -72W. One single airframe was converted to this configuration. No prototypes were built for the next proposed variant, the FR-3, which would use a General Electric I-20 turbojet. The fastest Fireball was the XFR-4, which had a Westinghouse J34 Turbojet and was some 100 mph faster than the FR-1 [1]. The final variant was the XF2R-1 Dark Shark, which replaced the piston engine with a General Electric XT31-GE-2 turboprop, but this never entered service, though a prototype was built. This was used by Al Conover to set a new world altitude record for turboprop aircraft of 39,160 feet on 2 May 1947 [2].
[edit] Survivors
One FR-1 Fireball presently survives at the Planes of Fame Flying Museum at Chino, California, and is in the process of restoration to display condition. Another one used to be at the San Diego Air and Space Museum, but was destroyed in a fire in the 1960s [3]. Another might be in a depot of the Smithsonian.
[edit] Operators
The "Firebirds" squadron was known under three names:
- VF-66 (May 1945 - October 1945)
- VF-41 (October 1945 - November 1946)
- VF-1E (November 1946 - mid 1947)
- VRF-32
[edit] Specifications (FR-1 Fireball)
This aircraft article is missing some (or all) of its specifications. If you have a source, you can help Wikipedia by adding them.General characteristics
- Crew: one
- Length: 32 ft 4 in (12.19 m)
- Wingspan: 40 ft 0 in (12.19 m)
- Height: 13 ft 7¼ in (4.15 m)
- Wing area: 275 ft² (25.6 m²)
- Empty weight: 7,915 lb (3,590 kg)
- Loaded weight: 10,595 lb (4,806 kg)
- Powerplant:
- 1× General Electric J31 GE-3 turbojet, 1,600 lbf (7.1 kN (700 kgf))
- 1 (Curtiss Electric-3 METALIC BLADES)× Wright R-1820-72W Cyclone radial engine, 1,350 hp (1,060 kW) each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 426 mph (686 km/h
- max. speed only with the radial engine=475 km/h)
- Cruise speed: 246 km/h (only with the radial engine)
- Range: 1,300 miles (2,100 km)
- Service ceiling 43,100 ft (13,100 m)
- Rate of climb: 24.4 m/s ()
Armament
- 4 × .50 cal M2 Browning machine gunwith 300 rounds each
- 2 × 1,000 lb (450 kg) bombs
- 8 × rockets under wings 127 mm.caliber
[edit] See also
Related development F2R Dark Shark
Comparable aircraft Curtiss XF15C-1 Stingaree
Related lists List of military aircraft of the United States
[edit] References
[edit] Notes
[edit] Bibliography
- Ginter, Steve. Ryan FR-1 Fireball and XF2R-1 Darkshark, Naval Fighters Number 28'. Simi Valley, CA: Ginter Books, 1995. ISBN 0-942612-28-0.
- Green, William. "Ryan FR-1 Fireball". 'War Planes of the Second World War, Volume Four: Fighters. London: Macdonald & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., 1961 (6th impression 1969), p. 186-187. ISBN 0-356-01448-7.
- Green, William and Swanborough, Gordon. "Ryan FR-1 Fireball". WW2 Fact Files: US Navy and Marine Corps Fighters. London, UK: Macdonald and Jane's, 1976, p. 66-68. ISBN 0-356-08222-9.
- McDowell, Ernest. FR-1 Fireball, Mini in action number 5. Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal Publications Inc., 1995. ISBN 0-89747-344-2.
[edit] External links
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