Four Arrows

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Four Arrows, or Don Trent Jacobs (b. 1946) is a university professor and writer whose work has focused on indigenous worldviews, wellness and counter-hegemonic education. His critical research has led him to write a chapter for Elsevier's 2006 text, The Hidden History of 9/11, after co-authoring a book that makes a prima facie case that Dick Cheney was involved in ordering the political assassination of Senator Paul Wellstone in 2002 when Wellstone seemed capable of stopping Cheney's Iraq war plans.

Of Cherokee/Creek/Scots-Irish ancestry, Four Arrows served as Dean of Education at Oglala Lakota College on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. He is currently a tenured professor at Northern Arizona University and a faculty member at Fielding Graduate University.

Among his books are the University of Texas Press edited volume, Unlearning the Language of Conquest; Primal Awareness; Teaching Virtues; The Bum's Rush: The Selling of Environmental Backlash; American Assassination: The Strange Death of Senator Paul Wellstone (co-author with Jim Fetzer); The Shrimp Habit; Physical Fitness and the Fire Service. His most recent book (under contract with Routledge) is The Authentic Dissertation: Alternative Ways of Knowing, Research and Representation.

[edit] Contributions

Four Arrows has also written a number of chapters for books, including:

  • Four Arrows (in press). “Towers of Deception: An Indigenous Perspective on Terrorism in a Post-9/11 World�? in The Soul of the World. Carin Carrington, Susan Griffen and Howard Teich (eds). Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Four Arrows (in production) “The Character Education Controversy�?�? in Battleground Schools: An Encyclopedia of Conflict and Controversy, Sandra Mathison & E. Wayne Ross (eds), Westport, CT: Greenwood/Praeger
  • Four Arrows (2006) Four Arrows (2006) “War Games: Bizarre Coincidence or Something Else�? in 9/11 and Political Economy. Amsterdam: Elseviere Science..
  • Four Arrows (2006) “Character Education as a Neo-Liberal Undertaking�? in Knowledge and Power in the Global Economy, 2nd Edition, David Gabbard Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
  • Four Arrows (2005) “Plight of the Raramuri�? in "Echoes from the Poisoned Well: Global Memories of Environmental Injustice," Ed. by Paul C. Rosier, Ph.D.Department of History. Landham: Roman and Littlefield.
  • Four Arrows-(2005) “Indigenous Worldviews and Values,�? “The Myth of the Nobel Savage,�? and “Social Control and American Indians�?. In The Encyclopedia of American Indian History. Ed. Bruce Johansen and Barry Pritzker. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
  • Four Arrows-Jacobs, D. (2004) “Character Education: Coming Full Circle,�? in Defending Public Schools-The Curriculum, ed by E.Wayne Ross, Praeger/Greenwood Publishers.
  • Four Arrows-Jacobs, D. (2004) “Way of the Brave�? in Educating for Humanity, Heritage Institute, Seattle (other authors include Parker Palmer, Nel Noddings, Herb Kohl, Debbie Meier, Fritzoff Capra, Thomas Berry, Rachael Kessler and Chip Wood.)
  • Jacobs, D. (2003) “Forced Hegemony: Warnings and Solutions from Indian Country,�? In Gabbard, D. (Ed.) Education as Enforcement: The Militarization and Corporatization of Schooling,. New York: RoutledgeFalmer, 2003
  • Jacobs, D (2002), “Virtue Based Curriculum: The Process,�? in Tom Allen’s Creating Sacred Places, National Indian School Board Association, Washington, D.C.
  • Jacobs, D. (1999) Shamanic Initiation. In Millman, D. and Childers, D. Divine Interventions: True Stories of Mystery and Miracles That Change Lives. Emmaus, Penn.: Daybreak Books.
  • Jacobs, D. (2005) A Reservation Perspective in Militarism In Education, published by Center for Critical Pedagogy, Tel Aviv
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