Ford Duratec engine
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| Ford Duratec engine | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Manufacturer | Ford |
| Type: | 8 (small cars) SOHC 16 (4 cyl) DOHC 24 (V6) DOHC 48 (V12) DOHC Straight-4 (up to 2.3 L) 60° V6 (up to 3.7 L) 60° V12 (6.0 L) |
| Production: | 1993–present |
| Displacement: | 1.3 L 1.4 L 1.6 L 1.8 L 2.0 L 2.3 L 2.5 L 3.0 L 3.5 L 3.7 L 6.0 L |
| Block alloy: | Aluminum |
| Head alloy: | Aluminum |
| Valvetrain: | Twin chains Variable valve timing |
| Turbocharger: | Natural (standard) Turbocharged (Focus RS) |
| Fuel system: | Electronic fuel injection or direct injection, badged SCI |
The Duratec is a range of four, six and twelve-cylinder gasoline engines used in Ford cars.
Originally there was a 2.5 L V6 introduced with the Mondeo. When the 2000 Mondeo was introduced, the 1.8 L and 2.0 L engines became Duratecs too.
Now there are engines of all sizes called Duratec. In North America, Ford uses the Duratec name on all its dual overhead cam 4 and 6 cylinder engines. In Europe, all Ford gasoline engines are called Duratec.
Contents |
[edit] Engine reference
| Name | Family | Displacements | Year | Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duratec 8v 60 PS | Kent | 1.3 L (1299 cc) | –present | OHV I4 |
| Duratec 8v 70 PS | Kent | 1.3 L (1297 cc) 1.6 L (1597 cc) |
–present | SOHC I4 |
| Duratec SCi | MZR | 1.8 L (1798 cc) | 2003–present | DOHC GDI I4 |
| Duratec | MZR | 1.6 L (1598 cc) 1.8 L (1798 cc) 2.0 L (1999 cc) 2.3 L (2261 cc) |
2001–present | DOHC I4 |
| Duratec 25 | Mondeo | 2.5 L (2544 cc) | 1994–2002 | DOHC V6 |
| Duratec 30 | Mondeo | 3.0 L (2967 cc) | 1996–present | DOHC V6 |
| Duratec 35 | Cyclone | 3.5 L (3492 cc) | 2006–present | DOHC V6 |
| Duratec 37 | Cyclone | 3.7 L (3721 cc) | 2007–present | DOHC V6 |
[edit] Duratec HE
The Duratec HE is the name used by Ford of Europe for its family of small straight-4 and V6 gasoline engines. The family includes 1.8 L (1796 cc) and 2.0 L (1999 cc) DOHC 16-valve engines and the 2.5 L V6 (also called the Duratec 25). European engines are built at the Valencia Engine Plant in Spain. 1.8 L and 2.0 L Duratec HE engines are heavily revised versions of the old Zetec engines from the previous Focus and Mk I Mondeo. The compression rate is 10.8:1.
The Focus RS featured a turbocharged version of the 2.0 L Zetec unit producing 215 bhp (158 kW) and 310 N·m (229 ft·lbf) of torque, although badged a Duratec-RS.
Focus C-Max and Focus Mk II versions use a drive-by-wire throttle to improve responsiveness.
[edit] Ford/Mazda global straight-4
Beginning in 2004, Ford dropped the old 4-cylinder Zetec engines in favor of Mazda's MZR design. Thus, 2005 and present Duratec 4-cylinder engines are Mazdas. This includes the 2.0 L Duratec 20 the 2.3 L Duratec 23 and the all new 2.5 L Duratec 25. The engine is currently built by Ford in Chihuahua, Mexico; Dearborn, Michigan; Valencia, Spain and Nanjing, China.
[edit] Duratec 20
The 993 is a 2.0 L (1988 cc) version built in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico. Bore is 87.5 mm and stroke is 83.1 mm.
It is used in the US/Argentinian Focus and the Brazilian Ford EcoSport. (European Fiesta ST, Ford Focus and Focus C-Max, Mondeo, S-Max, Transit and Galaxy use Duratec HE engines). On the Focus, output is 136 hp (101 kW) at 6000 rpm with 136 ft·lbf (184 N·m) of torque at 4250 rpm. The Focus sold in the US states of CA, NY, MA, VT and ME comes with the required PZEV emissions 20E version which produces 130 hp (97 kW) at 6000 rpm with 129 ft·lbf (175 N·m) of torque at 4000 rpm. The PZEV is available as an option in border states. The compression ratio for both versions is 10:1. It has an aluminum engine block and aluminum DOHC cylinder heads. The cylinders are lined with cast iron. It uses SFI fuel injection, has 4 valves per cylinder and features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods, a one-piece cast crankshaft, and a cast aluminum or reinforced plastic intake manifold. It does not have VVT. The power output is less than the Mazda version which does have VVT.
[edit] Duratec 23
The Duratec 23 is a 2.3 L (2261 cc) version of the Mazda-designed Duratec 20. Bore is 87.4 mm and stroke is 94 mm. It has an aluminum engine block with cast iron cylinder liners and aluminum DOHC cylinder heads. It uses SFI fuel injection, has 4 valves per cylinder and features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods and a one-piece cast crankshaft.
The 23EW was built in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico for use in the American market Focus through the 2007 model year. The Ford Focus version does not have VVT, and its output is 151 hp (113 kW) at 5750 rpm with 154 ft·lbf (209 N·m) of torque at 4250 rpm. A VVT version of this engine is used on the Mazda6, Ford Fusion, and Mercury Milan producing 160 hp (120 kW).
The 23NS is built in Dearborn, Michigan for the Ford Ranger and Mazda B-Series. Output is 143 hp (107 kW) at 5250 rpm with 154 ft·lbf (209 N·m) of torque at 3750 rpm.
Applications:
- 23EW
- 2003-2007 Ford Focus
- 23NS
The Duratec 23E is a version of the Duratec 23 with California PZEV emissions.
An Atkinson cycle version is used in the Ford Escape Hybrid, Mercury Mariner Hybrid, and Mazda Tribute Hybrid.
[edit] Duratec 25
The Duratec 25 is a bored and stroked version of the Duratec 23. Power has been increased to 171hp and 171 lb-ft. A Hybrid Duratec 25 will be replacing the Hybrid Duratec 23. The 2.5L is supposed to replace the 2.3L engine. Ford Escape to get the new 2.5L along with the Fusion and Milan for 2009.
[edit] Duratec SCi
The 1.8 L was the first European Ford engine to use direct injection technology, badged SCi for Smart Charge injection. This appeared in the Mondeo in 2003 and is today available on the 2.0 L engine as well as an expected 1.1 L version.
The SCi engines were designed at Ford's Cologne, Germany facility and are assembled in Valencia, Spain. The SCi engine is paired with a specially-designed six-speed manual transmission.
[edit] Duratec 8v
The Duratec 8v name is currently used on two different engines in the European Ford Ka and the 2003 Ford Fiesta:
- The 60 PS (59 hp/44 kW) 1.3 L (1299 cc) Duratec 8V is a renamed Endura-E engine,
- The 70 PS (69 hp/51 kW) 1.3 L (1297 cc), and 95 PS (94 hp/70 kW) 1.6 L (1597 cc) Duratec 8V is the South African-built Zetec-Rocam engine. The 1.3 is also used in the European Ford Ka. In Europe, the 1.3L & 1.6L is used in the Ka, only the 1.3L in Fiesta Mk6.
[edit] Mondeo V6
The 2.5 L and 3.0 L V6 Duratecs are evolutions of the same design, first used in the 1994 Ford Mondeo. It is a modern aluminum DOHC V6 with a 60° bank angle. The primary engineering input came from Porsche, who were developing a similar V6 before selling the engineering to Ford, and Cosworth, who helped with cylinder head manufacturing. They were also used in the Ford Cougar.
The Jaguar AJ-V6 engine is similar but adds variable valve timing. Mazda's AJ version also has this feature.
[edit] Duratec 25
The Duratec 25 is a 2.5 L (2544 cc) 60° V6 and was introduced in 1993. It was developed for the Ford Mondeo and used in the Ford Contour, Ford Cougar, Jaguar X-Type, and others. The Duratec 25 was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 1995 and 1996, and the SVT version made the list for 1998 and 1999.
An SVT version produced 195 hp (145 kW) and 165 ft·lbf (224 N·m) in 1998. Further improvements were made in 1999 that raised power output to 200 hp (149 kW) and 169 ft·lbf (229 N·m) and were carried over in the 2000 model. The SVT engine was used in the 1998-2000 Ford Contour SVT.
Bore is 82.4 mm and stroke is 79.5 mm on most 2.5 L Mondeo-derived engines for a total of 2544 cc. Mazda used the same block and camshaft in their 2000 MPV. However, they reduced the size to 2.49 L to keep under a 2.5 L tax cap in Japan. It was replaced in 2002 with the larger 3.0 L Duratec 30-based Mazda AJ.
[edit] Duratec 30
The 3.0 L Duratec 30 or Mazda AJ was introduced in 1996 as a replacement for the 232 in³ (3.8 L) Essex V6 in the Taurus/Sable. It has 2967 cc of displacement and produces between 200 and 240 hp (150 and 180 kW). The same basic engine is used in the Jaguar S-Type, Lincoln LS, Mazda MPV, Mazda6, Mondeo ST220 and many other Ford vehicles. It is essentially a bored-out (to 89 mm) Duratec 25 and is built in Ford Motor Company's Cleveland, OH #2 plant. A slightly modified version for the Ford Five Hundred entered production at the Cleveland, OH #1 plant in 2004.
There are two key versions of the Duratec 30:
- DAMB - The Lincoln LS and Jaguar AJ30 versions have direct-acting mechanical bucket (DAMB) tappets. Output is 232 hp (173 kW) at 6750 rpm with 220 ft·lbf (298 N·m) of torque at 4500 rpm.
- RFF - The Taurus/Sable/Escape version uses roller finger followers (RFF) instead and produces 201 hp (150 kW) at 5900 rpm with 207 ft·lbf (281 N·m) of torque at 4400 rpm.
The 2006 Ford Fusion, Mercury Milan, and Lincoln Zephyr feature a version of the Duratec 30 utilizing variable valve timing. The engine has an output of 221 hp (165 kW) at 6250 rpm, and 205 ft·lbf (278 N·m) of torque at 4800 rpm.
A Twin-turbocharged version of this engine is used in the Noble M400, a British supercar. The engine is rebuilt and tuned to a max power of 425 bhp (317 kW) @ 6500 rpm, with a torque figure of 390 ft·lbf (530 N·m) @ 5000 rpm. Noble has used forged pistons, an oil cooler, a larger baffled oil sump and extra cooling ducts to maintain its durability.
Mazda's MZI version adds variable valve timing, as does Jaguar's AJ30. Note that the MZI name is also used in Europe on Mazda's version of the Ford Sigma I4. The 3.0 L, 226 hp (169 kW) V6 used in the Mondeo ST220 is called Duratec ST. The 3.0 L, 204 hp (152 kW) V6 in the Mondeo Titanium is called Duratec SE.
[edit] Cyclone V6
[edit] Duratec 35
The Duratec 35 is a 3.5 L (3496 cc/213 in³) V6 that began production in fall 2006 and is the first member of the all-new Ford Cyclone engine family. [1] The D35 is an all-aluminum DOHC 4V 60° bank angle V6 engine with variable cam timing on the intake camshafts and DAMB tappets. The Duratec 35 is ULEV-II compliant and is said to be capable of meeting the PZEV requirement as well.
Current Applications:
Rated on 87 octane gasoline the engine currently produces 265 hp (198 kW) at 6,250 rpm and 250 lb·ft (339 N·m) at 4,500 rpm in the following applications:
- 2007–present Ford Edge
- 2007–present Lincoln MKX crossover SUVs
The engine produces 263 hp (196 kW) at 6,250 rpm and 249 lb·ft (338 N·m) at 4,500 rpm in the following applications:
- 2007–present Lincoln MKZ
- 2008–present Ford Taurus
- 2008–present Ford Taurus X
- 2008–present Mercury Sable
- 2009–present Ford Flex
A twin turbocharged, gasoline direct injected (GDI) version of the Duratec 35, featuring the Ecoboost moniker, is expected to become available in the 2010 Lincoln MKS.
- 2010 Lincoln MKS
[edit] Duratec 37
The Duratec 37 a 3.7 L (3721 cc/227 in³) V6 and the second and newest member of the Ford Cyclone engine family. The Duratec 37s additional displacement over the Duratec 35 is achieved through a 3 mm increase in bore diameter which results in a 95.5 mm (3.76 in) bore.
The engine began production in the 2008 Mazda CX-9 under Mazda's MZI moniker and produces 273 hp (204 kW) at 6,250 rpm and 270 lb·ft (366 N·m) at 4,250 rpm. The American assembled version seen in the 2009 Lincoln MKS produces 275 hp (205 kW) at 6,250 rpm and 276 lb·ft (374 N·m) at 4,250 rpm
- 2008–present Mazda CX-9
- 2009 Lincoln MKS
[edit] SHO V8
Ford's 3.4 L SHO V8 is related to the 2.5 L Mondeo V6. Each cylinder uses the same bore and stroke as the 2.5, but this engine was never officially referred to with the Duratec name.
[edit] Aston Martin V12
The 6.0 L V12 used in Aston Martin cars shares some components with the Duratec family. Aston Martin uses this engine in the DB7 Vantage, V12 Vanquish, and DB9. It is also known as Cosworth Project SG [2].
The V12 developed by Ford for the Ford GT90, although it shares a common displacement, was developed from the Modular line of engines and does not share any components with the Aston Martin V12.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- On the Move. Ward's Auto World. Retrieved on March 1, 2005.
- Duratec 23 information
