Fokker 100
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| Fokker 100 | |
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 British Midland Airways Fokker 100 |
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| Type | Airliner |
| Manufacturer | Fokker |
| Maiden flight | November 30, 1986 |
| Introduced | February 1988 with Swissair |
| Status | Active service |
| Primary users | Avianca (29) KLM Cityhopper (20) Click Mexicana (18) Iran Air (18) Austrian Arrows (16) |
| Produced | 1986-1997 |
| Number built | 283 |
| Developed from | Fokker F28 |
| Variants | Fokker 70 |
The Fokker 100 is a medium size twin-turbofan airliner from the Fokker company.
Low operational costs and almost no competition in the 100-seat short-range class made it a best seller when it was introduced in the late 1980s, but improved models of the Boeing 737 and Airbus A319 affected sales and Fokker became insolvent. Production ended in 1997 with 283 airframes delivered. In August 2006, 229 Fokker 100 aircraft remained in airline service with 47 airlines around the world.[1]
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[edit] Design and development
The Fokker 100 design was announced in 1983 as an updated replacement for Fokker's popular, but superseded F28 Fellowship design. Although the majority of the parts between the two aircraft are different, the Fokker 100 was certificated by the United States Federal Aviation Administration as the Fokker 28-0100. The most noticeable difference was the much longer fuselage, which increased seating by 65% from 65 in the original F28 series to 107 in a three-by-two single-class arrangement. Fokker also introduced a redesigned wing for the 100, which they claimed was 30% more efficient in cruise. The engines were upgraded to the modern Rolls-Royce Tay turbofans, while the cockpit was updated with an all-glass instrumentation package. The Fokker 100 features twin fuselage-mounted engines and a T-tail, similar to that of the Douglas DC-9 family. The Fokker 100 also does not have eyebrow windows above the main cockpit windows as on the Fokker F28.
Two prototypes were built - the first, PH-MKH, flew for the first time on November 30, 1986, and the second, PH-MKC, followed on February 25, 1987. The type certificate was awarded in November 1987. The first deliveries of the TAY620-15 powered versions started to Swissair in February 1988. American Airlines (75 planes ordered), TAM Transportes Aéreos Regionais (now TAM Airlines (TAM Linhas Aéreas)) (50 planes) and US Air (40 planes) were major customers of the Fokker 100 and were powered by the more powerful TAY650-15.
By 1991, Fokker had produced 70 units and had orders for a total of more than 230. An extended range version with additional fuel tanks in the wings was introduced in 1993, and a quick-change passenger/freighter version in 1994, the 100QC. A shorter version was introduced in 1993 as a direct replacement for the earlier F28, known as the Fokker 70, which removed 4.70 m of the fuselage and reduced seating to 80. Studies on the 130 seat Fokker 130 and the Fokker 100QC (freighter) did not reach further stages of development. A Fokker 100EJ (Executive Jet) has been introduced in 2003 as a conversion from used Fokker 100 aircraft.
Although the design was a success in the marketplace, Fokker continued to lose massive amounts of money due to mismanagement. Eventually their parent company, Daimler Benz Aerospace, shut them down. Fokker collapsed in 1996 and wound up production in early 1997. There had been some discussion about the company being purchased by Bombardier, but the plans fell through.
An Amsterdam-based group, Rekkof Restart (Rekkof is Fokker spelled backwards) negotiated to re-open the Fokker 70 and 100 lines in 1999, but the deal never completed. Stork NV acquired the maintenance business for the aircraft and operated it under the name "Fokker Aviation". [2]
Like any number of designs, the 70/100 was being increasingly squeezed from below by stretched versions of the Bombardier and Embraer regional jets, which also killed off plans for the Fairchild 728JET/928JET and an unnamed design from ATR. A proposed stretch version called the Fokker 130 was never built. [2]
[edit] Notable incidents
- On March 5, 1993 Palair Macedonian Flight 301, a Fokker 100 (PH-KXL) crashed shortly after take-off from Skopje Airport on its way to Zurich Airport, killing 83 of 97 passengers and crew on board.[3]
- On October 31, 1996, TAM Transportes Aéreos Regionais Flight 402 crashed at Congonhas Airport in Brazil, killing 99 people, including everyone on board plus 4 people on land.
- On November 7, 1999 Air Dolomiti Flight 2708, a Fokker 100 flying from Venice Marco Polo Airport with 44 on board suffered maingear failure while approaching Barcelona International Airport - landed safely on a foam carpet.[4]
- On January 25, 2007, a Régional Compagnie Aérienne Européenne Fokker 100 (F-GMPG) overran the runway on an aborted takeoff. No evidence of bird strike or engine malfunction was found. The pilot did not ask for deicing before taking-off. One person killed on the ground as the aircraft hit a truck. (Preliminary report (French).)
- On February 2, 2008, an Austrian Airlines Fokker 100 made an emergency landing at Leeds Bradford International Airport in the UK, after the right engine was reported idle. The pilots safely executed an emergency landing at speed, and there were no injuries amongst the 103 passengers and crew on board. [5]
[edit] Current operators
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Major operators of the 229 Fokker 100 aircraft (at August 2006) include: Iran Air (18), Alpi Eagles (10), Iran Aseman Airlines (12), Austrian Arrows (16), Brit Air (13), Air Berlin (6), KLM Cityhopper (20), Régional (10), Avianca (29), and Click Mexicana (21). Some 29 other airlines also operate smaller numbers of the type.[1]
[edit] Previous operators
[edit] Specifications
This aircraft article is missing some (or all) of its specifications. If you have a source, you can help Wikipedia by adding them.General characteristics
- Crew: 2 flight crew, 2 to 3 cabin crew
- Capacity: Passenger capacity: 85 to 122, 107 typical
- Length: 35.53 m (116 ft 6 in)
- Wingspan: 28.08 m (92 ft 1 in)
- Height: 8.5 m (27 ft 10 in)
- Empty weight: 24,272 kg (53,510 lb)
- Loaded weight: 43,390 kg (94,997 lb)
- Useful load: 11,563 kg (25,492 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 43,390 kg (94,997 lb)
- Powerplant: 2× Rolls-Royce Tay Mk. 650-15 or Tay 620 turbofans, 67 kN (15,100 lbf) each
- * Horizontal stabilizer span: 10.04 m (32 ft 11 in)
- Fuselage diameter: 3.30 m (10 ft 10 in)
Performance
- Never exceed speed: 320 kts IAS / M.77
- Maximum speed: 310 kts IAS / M.75 (845 km/h, 521 mph)
- Cruise speed: M.73 (755 km/h, 466 mph)
- Range: 3,111 km (1,680 nm, 1,933 mi)
- Service ceiling 35,000 ft (11,300 m)
[edit] See also
Related development
Comparable aircraft
Related lists
[edit] References
- ^ a b Flight International, 3-9 October 2006.
- ^ a b History of Fokker
- ^ ASN Aircraft accident Fokker 100 PH-KXL Skopje. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 2008-04-13.
- ^ ASN Aircraft accident Fokker 100 I-ALPL Barcelona Airport (BCN). Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 2008-03-10.
- ^ BBC News
[edit] External links
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