Flora of Colombia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

See also: Fauna of Colombia

The Flora of Colombia is characterized by a high biodiversity, with the highest rate of species by area unit worldwide. Over 130.000 species of plants have been described within Colombian territory^[1].

Flower of Victoria cruziana or Victoria regia inhabits in the Amazon basin.

1 National flower of Colombia
2 National Tree of Colombia
3 Endemisms
- 3.1 Ecoregions with high endemism
4 Tree species
5 Fruits of Colombia
6 Flora genera
7 Orchid species
- 7.1 Frondaria
- 7.2 Restrepia
8 References

[edit] National flower of Colombia

See also: Cattleya trianae

The national flower of Colombia is the orchid Cattleya trianae which was named after the Colombian naturalist José Jerónimo Triana. The orchid was selected by botanist Emilio Robledo, in representation of the Colombian Academy of History to determine the most representative flowering plant of Colombia. He described it as one of the most beautiful flowers in the world and selected Cattleya trianae as National symbol

[edit] National Tree of Colombia

See also: Ceroxylon quindiuense

The national tree of Colombia is the palm Ceroxylon quindiuense (Quindio Wax Palm) which was named after the Colombian Department of Quindio where is located the Cocora valley, only habitat of this restricted range specie. The Wax palm was selected as the national tree by the government of Belisario Betancur and was the first tree officially declared as protected specie in Colombia. C. quindiuense is the only palm that grows at high altitudes and is the tallest monocot in the world.

[edit] Endemisms

Colombia has the largest amount of heliconia species worldwide. Most of them are endemisms

The Baudó Mountains in the Colombian pacific coast have many endemic plants.

Colombia has the largest amount of endemisms (species that are not found naturally anywhere else) worldwide. About 10% of the species in the world live in Colombia.^[2] Some determinant factors In the distribution range of the species are the weather conditions, temperature, humidity and sunlight availability.

Endemics can easily become endangered or extinct due to their restricted habitat and vulnerability to the actions of man, including the introduction of new organisms.

[edit] Ecoregions with high endemism

According to the Colombian Ministry of Environment, the following ecoregions have the highest percentage of botanic endemisms:

[edit] Tree species

Many of the Colombian trees are endangered species due to the high quality of the woods and timber industry exploitation (such as Colombian oak Quercus humboldtidiana and Colombian mahogany) and as source of tanning substances for the leather industry (such as mangrove and Encenillo tree Weinmannia tormentosa). Some tree species described in Colombia are:

Cherimoya (Annona cherimola)	Chontaduro fruit (Bactris gasipaes)	Tomato tree or tamarillo (Solanum betaceum)	Mamoncillo (Melicoccus bijugatus)
Arazá or Strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum)	Uchuva or Cape gooseberry fruit (Physalis edulis)	Guanabana or Soursop fruit (Annona muricata)	Marañon or Cashew (Anacardium occidentale)
Feijoa or Pineapple guava (Acca sellowiana)	Lulo or Naranjilla (Solanum quitoense)	Curuba	Maypop (Passiflora incarnata)
Gulupa or purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis)

Restrepia antennifera	Restrepia aristulifera	Restrepia aspasicensium	Restrepia brachypus
Restrepia contorta	Restrepia cuprea	Restrepia dodsonii	Restrepia elegans
Restrepia falkenbergii	Restrepia flosculata	Restrepia guttulata	[Restrepia iris
Restrepia lansbergii	Restrepia muscifera	Restrepia nittiorhyncha	Restrepia pandurata
Restrepia roseola	Restrepia sanguinea	Restrepia teaguei	Restrepia trichoglossa
Restrepia wageneri	Masdevallia agaster	Masdevallia angulifera	Masdevallia barlaeana
Masdevallia bicolor	Masdevallia bulbophyllopsis	Masdevallia civilis	Masdevallia caudata
Masdevallia constricta	Masdevallia floribunda	Masdevallia fractiflexa	Masdevallia herradurae
Masdevallia ignea	Masdevallia mejiana	Masdevallia nidifica	Masdevallia rolfeana
Masdevallia striatella	Masdevallia tovarensis	Masdevallia triangularis	Masdevallia veitchiana
Masdevallia ventricularia	Masdevallia wageneriana	Masdevallia weberbaueri	Dracula chestertonii
Dracula cordobae	Dracula houtteana	Dracula lotax	Dracula sodiroi
Dracula vampira	Pleurothallis racemiflora	Pleurothallis tubata	Oncidium brunleesianum
Oncidium cebolleta	Oncidium croesus	Oncidium divaricatum	Oncidium ensatum
Oncidium flexuosum	Oncidium forbesii	Oncidium graminifolium	Oncidium harrisonianum
Oncidium incurvum	Oncidium klotzschianum	Oncidium longicornu	Oncidium longipes
Oncidium luridum	Oncidium nubigenum	Oncidium ochmatochilum	Oncidium ornithorhynchum
Oncidium papilio	Oncidium phalaenopsis	Oncidium sphacelatum	Oncidium splendidum
Oncidium varicosum	Odontoglossum bictoniense ( Rhynchostele bictoniensis)	Odontoglossum cordatum ( Rhynchostele cordata)	Odontoglossum cruentum
Odontoglossum grande ( Rossioglossum grande)	Odontoglossum pulchellum ( Cuitlauzina pulchella)	Odontoglossum tenue	Gongora galeata
Gongora ilense	Gongora truncata	Stelis argentata]]	Cattleya aclandiae
Cattleya aurantiaca	Cattleya bicolor	Cattleya bowringiana	Cattleya dowiana
Cattleya gaskelliana	Cattleya guttata	Cattleya harrisoniana	Cattleya intermedia
Cattleya labiata	Cattleya loddigesii	Cattleya lueddemanniana	Cattleya luteola
Cattleya maxima	Cattleya nobilior	Cattleya percivaliana	Cattleya skinneri
Cattleya violacea	Cattleya walkeriana	Cattleya warscewiczii	Anguloa brevilabris]]
Stanhopea anfracta	Stanhopea annulata	Stanhopea candida	Stanhopea cirrhata
Stanhopea connata	Stanhopea costaricensis	Stanhopea ecornuta	Stanhopea embreei
Stanhopea florida	Stanhopea frymirei	Stanhopea gibbosa	Stanhopea grandiflora
Stanhopea graveolens	Stanhopea haseloviana	Stanhopea hernandezii	Stanhopea impressa
Stanhopea inodora	Stanhopea insignis	Stanhopea intermedia	Stanhopea jenischiana
Stanhopea lietzei	Stanhopea maculosa	Stanhopea nigripes	Stanhopea oculata
Stanhopea platyceras	Stanhopea pozoi	Stanhopea pseudoradiosa	Stanhopea pulla
Stanhopea radiosa	Stanhopea reichenbachiana	Stanhopea ruckeri	Stanhopea saccata
Stanhopea shuttleworthii	Stanhopea stevensonii	Stanhopea tigrina	Stanhopea tricornis
Stanhopea wardii	Stanhopea warszewicziana	Stanhopea xytriophora	Phragmipedium besseae
Phragmipedium boissierianum	Phragmipedium caudatum	Phragmipedium lindleyanum	Phragmipedium longifolium
Phragmipedium schlimii	Phragmipedium warszewiczianum	Catasetum expansum	Catasetum fimbriatum
Catasetum maculatum	Catasetum pileatum	Catasetum saccatum	Acineta chrysantha
Brassavola cucullata	Brassavola digbyana	Brassavola flagellaris	Brassavola glauca
Brassavola nodosa	Scaphosepalum swertifolium	Aganisia cyanea

Flora of Colombia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Contents

[edit] National flower of Colombia

[edit] National Tree of Colombia

[edit] Endemisms

[edit] Ecoregions with high endemism

[edit] Tree species

[edit] Fruits of Colombia

[edit] Flora genera

[edit] Abarema

[edit] Acidocroton

[edit] Aiphanes

[edit] Aniba

[edit] Brownea

[edit] Brunellia

[edit] Calatola

[edit] Centronia

[edit] Ceroxylon

[edit] Clusia

[edit] Eschweilera

[edit] Espeletia

[edit] Freziera

[edit] Grias

[edit] Guarea

[edit] Gustavia

[edit] Herrania

[edit] Huilaea

[edit] Inga

[edit] Lennoaceae

[edit] Leptolejeunea

[edit] Licania

[edit] Macrolobium

[edit] Magnolia

[edit] Mayna

[edit] Meriania

[edit] Metteniusa

[edit] Miconia

[edit] Oenocarpus

[edit] Orphanodendron

[edit] Parmentiera

[edit] Passiflora

[edit] Phytelephas

[edit] Pouteria

[edit] Pradosia

[edit] Prunus

[edit] Rinorea

[edit] Rollinia

[edit] Romeroa

[edit] Schoenocephalium

[edit] Solanum

[edit] Sphaerolejeunea

[edit] Streptosolen

[edit] Swartzia

[edit] Utricularia

[edit] Vantanea

[edit] Wettinia

[edit] Xylosma

[edit] Zamia

[edit] Zygia

[edit] Orchid species

[edit] Frondaria

[edit] Restrepia

[edit] References

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