Finno-Permic languages

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The Finno-Permic languages form one of the main branches of the Uralic languages.

The Uralic languages family tree has three main groups, Finno-Permic, Ugric, and Samoyedic languages.

In some references the term Finnic is used to refer to the Finno-Permic languages, but this usage is regarded incorrect by Finno-Ugric specialists; the term Finnic is commonly used of the Baltic-Finnic languages.^[1]

In the past, the Finno-Permic languages together with the Ugric languages were thought to constitute a closer Finno-Ugric group of languages, separating this entity more sharply from the Samoyedic languages. Today, however, the node between Finno-Permic and Ugric is increasingly seen to be a separation equally fundamental as is the separation between Samoyedic from Ugric or from Finno-Permic.

[edit] Members

• Permic (Permian)
  • Komi (Komi-Zyrian, Zyrian)
  • Komi-Permyak
  • Udmurt (Votyak)
• Finno-Volgaic (Finno-Cheremisic, Finno-Mari, Volga-Finnic)
  • Mari (Cheremisic)
    • Mari (Cheremis)
  • Mordvinic (Mordvin, Mordvinian)
    • Erzya
    • Moksha
  • Extinct Finno-Volgaic languages of uncertain position
    • Merya (position uncertain, extinct)
    • Meshcherian (position uncertain, extinct)
    • Muromian (position uncertain, extinct)
  • Finno-Lappic (Finno-Saamic, Finno-Samic)
    • Sami (Samic, Saamic, Lappic, Lappish)
      • Western Sami (Western Samic)
        • Southern Sami
        • Ume Sami — Nearly extinct
        • Lule Sami
        • Pite Sami — Nearly extinct
        • Northern Sami
      • Eastern Sami (Eastern Samic)
        • Kainuu Sami — Extinct
        • Kemi Sami — Extinct
        • Inari Sami
        • Akkala Sami — Nearly extinct
        • Kildin Sami
        • Skolt Sami
        • Ter Sami — Nearly extinct
    • Baltic-Finnic (Balto-Finnic, Balto-Fennic, Finnic, Fennic)
      • Estonian (including Võru and Seto dialects, whose status as separate languages is disputed)
      • Finnish (including Meänkieli or Tornedalian Finnish, Kven Finnish, and Ingrian Finnish)
      • Ingrian (Izhorian) — Nearly extinct
      • Karelian
        • Karelian proper
        • Lude (Ludic, Ludian)
        • Olonets Karelian (Livvi, Aunus, Aunus Karelian, Olonetsian)
      • Livonian (Liv) — Nearly extinct
      • Veps (Vepsian)
      • Votic (Votian, Vod) — Nearly extinct

[edit] Notes

[edit] References