Finger millet

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Finger millet
Finger Millet grains of mixed color.
Finger Millet grains of mixed color.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Chloridoideae
Genus: Eleusine
Species: E. coracana
Binomial name
Eleusine coracana
L.

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana, Amharic ዳጉሳ "Dagusa" or ቶኩሶ tōkūsō), also known as African millet or Ragi), is an annual plant widely grown as a cereal in the arid areas of Africa and Asia. Finger millet is originally native to the Ethiopian Highlands[1] and was introduced into India approximately 4000 years ago. It is very adaptable to higher elevations and is grown in the Himalaya up to 2300 metres altitude.

Contents

[edit] Cultivation

Finger millet is often intercropped with legumes such as peanuts (Arachis hypogea), cowpeas (Vigna sinensis), and pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan), or other plants such as Niger seeds (Guizotia abyssinica).

Although statistics on individual millet species are confused, and are sometimes combined with sorghum, it is estimated that finger millet is grown on approximately 38,000 square kilometres.

Finger millet
Finger millet

[edit] Storage

Once harvested, the seeds keep extremely well and are seldom attacked by insects or moulds. The long storage capacity makes finger millet an important crop in risk avoidance strategies for poorer farming communities.

[edit] Nutrition

Finger millet is especially valuable as it contains the amino acid methionine, which is lacking in the diets of hundreds of millions of the poor who live on starchy staples such as cassava, plantain, polished rice, or maize meal. Finger millet can be ground and cooked into cakes, puddings or porridge. The grain is made into a fermented drink (or beer) in many parts of Africa. The straw from finger millet is used as animal fodder.

Nutritive value of Ragi per 100 g

Protein 7.3 g
Fat 1.3 g
Carbohydrate 72 g
Minerals 2.7 g
Calcium 3.44 g
Fibre 3.6 g
Energy 328 KCal

[edit] Preparation as food

In Karnataka, Ragi flour is boiled in water and the resultant preparation, called Ragi Mudde is eaten with Sambar.
In Karnataka, Ragi flour is boiled in water and the resultant preparation, called Ragi Mudde is eaten with Sambar.

In India, finger millet or ragi is mostly grown and consumed in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Ragi flour is made into flatbreads, including thick, leavened dosa and thinner, unleavened roti. Ragi grain is malted and flour from the malted grain is consumed after mixing with Milk/Boiled water/Yoghurt.

Ragi flour is usually eaten as Ragi mudde (literally, Ragi paste. Also called Ragi balls, for the round shape.). The mudde which is prepared by boiling the Ragi flour in water until the water is condensed. The resulting preparation is then rolled into a spherical form and consumed, after applying Ghee with Sambar.

Finger millet in its commonly consumed form as a porridge
Finger millet in its commonly consumed form as a porridge

In Maharashtra [India], bhakari (kind of pita bread) is prepared using Ragi (Nachani) flour.

In North-west of Viet nam, Finger millet is used as medicine for women when they bornt. Some minority used FM flour to make alcohol (BacHa alcohol is a good drink of H'mong minority).

In southern parts of India, Pediatricians recommend Ragi food for infants for age 6 months and over because of its high nutrition content, especially calcium.

[edit] Common names for finger millet

  • Arabic: Tailabon
  • Chinese: 穇子 (Traditional), 䅟子 (Simplified), cǎnzi (pinyin)
  • English: Finger millet, African millet, ragi, koracan
  • Ethiopia: Dagussa (Amharic/Sodo), tokuso (amharic), barankiya (Oromo)
  • French: eleusine cultivee, coracan, koracan
  • German: Fingerhirse
  • India: Ragi (Kannada, Telugu), Taidalu (Telangana), Kelvaragu,Aariyam (Tamil), Panjapule ([Malayalam]) Maduva (in some parts of north India), Nachani (Marathi)
  • Kenya: Wimbi (Swahili), Kal (Dholuo), Ugimbi (Kikuyu)
  • Nepal: Koddo
  • Sri Lanka: Kurakkan
  • Sudan: Tailabon (Arabic), ceyut (Bari)
  • Tanzania: (Swahili) Mbege, mwimbi, Wimbi, ulezi,
  • Uganda: Bulo
  • Zambia: Kambale, lupoko, mawele, majolothi, amale, bule
  • Zimbabwe: Rapoko, zviyo, njera, rukweza, mazhovole, uphoko, poho
  • Vietnam: Hong mi, Chi ke
  • Denmark: Fingerhirse

[edit] References

  1. ^ A.C. D'Andrea, D.E. Lyons, Mitiku Haile, E.A. Butler, "Ethnoarchaeological Approaches to the Study of Prehistoric Agriculture in the Ethiopian Highlands" in Van der Veen, ed., The Exploitation of Plant Resources in Ancient Africa. Kluwer Academic: Plenum Publishers, New York, 1999.

[edit] External links

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