Fescue

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Fescue
Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis)
Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Genus: Festuca
L.
Species

Some 300, see text

Fescue (Festuca) is a genus of about 300 species of perennial tufted grasses, belonging to the grass family Poaceae (subfamily Pooideae). The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, although the majority of the species are found in cool temperate areas, such as the transition zone and Canada[1]. The genus is closely related to ryegrass (Lolium), and recent evidence from phylogenetic studies using DNA sequencing of plant mitochondrial DNA shows that the genus lacks monophyly. As a result plant taxonomists have placed several species, including the forage grasses, tall fescue and meadow fescue, formerly belonging to the genus Festuca into the genus Lolium.[2]

Fescues range from small grasses only 100 mm tall or less with very fine thread-like leaves less than 1 mm wide, to tall grasses up to 2 m tall with large leaves up to 600 mm (2 feet) long and 20 mm (3/4 in.) broad.

Fescue pollen is a significant contributor to hay fever.

Contents

[edit] Uses

The fescues contain some species which are important grasses for both lawns (particularly the fine-leaved species, highly valued for bowling greens) and as pasture and hay for livestock, being a highly nutritious stock feed. They are also used in soil erosion control programs, most notably tall fescue, one cultivar of which, Kentucky 31 (Festuca arundinacea), was used in land reclamation during the dust bowl period in the 1930s in the US. [3]

Fescue is sometimes used as feed for horses. However, fescue poisoning, which results from a fungus, is a risk for pregnant mares[4]. Occurring in the last three months of pregnancy, fescue poisoning increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, stillbirths, retained placenta, absent milk production, and prolonged pregnancy. Incorporating legumes into the fescue can be a way to increase livestock gains and conception rates, even if the fescue is infected[5].

Fescue may also cause a type of cancer in the colon of the Horse which will result in a slow painful death for the horse.

[edit] Selected species

  • Festuca alpina — Alpine Fescue
  • Festuca altissima — Wood Fescue
  • Festuca amethystina — Tufted Fescue
  • Festuca amplissima
  • Festuca arizonica — Arizona Fescue
  • Festuca arundinacea — Tall Fescue
  • Festuca caesia — Blue Fescue
  • Festuca californica - California Fescue
  • Festuca cinerea
  • Festuca diffusa — Northern Fescue
  • Festuca elatior — Tall Fescue (syn. F. arundinacea)
  • Festuca elmeri - Coast Fescue
  • Festuca eskia
  • Festuca gautieri
  • Festuca gigantea — Giant Fescue
  • Festuca glacialis
  • Festuca glauca — Grey Fescue
  • Festuca heterophylla — Various-leaved Fescue
  • Festuca idahoensis — Idaho Fescue
  • Festuca juncifolia — Rush-leaved Fescue
  • Festuca mairei — Atlas Fescue
  • Festuca matthewsii — Alpine Fescue Tussock
  • Festuca nigrescens — Alpine Chewing's Fescue
  • Festuca novae-zealandiae — Fescue Tussock
  • Festuca occidentalis - Western Fescue
  • Festuca ovina — Sheep's Fescue
  • Festuca paniculata — East Alpine Violet Fescue
  • Festuca picturata
  • Festuca pilgeri
  • Festuca pratensis — Meadow Fescue
  • Festuca pseudodura
  • Festuca punctoria
  • Festuca pyrenaica
  • Festuca quadriflora
  • Festuca richardsonii — Arctic Fescue
  • Festuca rubra — Red Fescue
  • Festuca rubra ssp. commutata — Chewing's Fescue
  • Festuca rupicola
  • Festuca sativa
  • Festuca scabrella - Rough Fescue
  • Festuca subulata - Bearded Fescue
  • Festuca subulifolia - Crinkleawn Fescue
  • Festuca supina - Tufted Fescue
  • Festuca tenuifolia — Fine-leaved Sheep's Fescue
  • Festuca viridula - Green Fescue
  • Festuca vivipara — Viviparous Fescue
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[edit] References

  1. ^ Tall Fescue Grasses & Fine Fescues
  2. ^ Darbyshire, SJ (1993). "Realignment of Festuca subgenus Schedonorus with the genus Lolium (Poaceae)". Novon 3: 239–243. doi:10.2307/3391460. 
  3. ^ Schardl CL, Leuchtmann L (2005). in The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem, Third Edition, ed. J Dighton, JF White Jr., P Oudemans: The Epichloë Endophytes of Grasses and the Symbiotic Continuum. CRC Press, 475-503. ISBN 0824723554. 
  4. ^ Tall Fescue
  5. ^ Fescue Toxicosis

[edit] External links