Ferreira Gullar

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Ferreira Gullar is the pen name for José Ribamar Ferreira (born in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil on September 10, 1930), brazilian poet, playwright, essayist, art critic, and television writer. In 1959 he formed the "Neo-Concretes" group of poets.

The Neo-Concrete Manifesto of that year by him begins:

We use the term "neo-concrete" to differentiate ourselves from those committed to non-figurative "geometric" art (neo-plasticism, constructivism, suprematism, the school of Ulm) and particularly the kind of concrete art that is influenced by a dangerously acute rationalism. In the light of their artistic experience, the painters, sculptors, engravers and writers participating in this first Neo-concrete Exhibition came to the conclusion that it was necessary to evaluate the theoretical principles on which concrete art has been founded, none of which offers a rationale for the expressive potential they feel their art contains."

Living in Chile, in 1975, Ferreira Gullar wrote his most known work, "Poema Sujo" ("Dirty Poem" in english). He was exiled by the brazilian dictatorial government that lasted from 1964 to 1985. The poet tells that the persecution to the exiled people was growing, many ones were being found dead, and, thinking in the hypothesis of his death, decided to write his last poem. He passed months writing this poem with more than two thousand verses, that brings forth his memories of his infancy and adolescence in São Luís, Maranhão and the anguishes of being far from his land. The poem entered in Brazil by the hands of intellectual engajed friends. It was published, making the pression for his return grow.

Gullar returned to Brazil some years before the end of the dictatorial government.

[edit] Bibliography

Poetry

Um pouco acima do chão, 1949
A luta corporal, 1954
Poemas, 1958
João Boa-Morte, cabra marcado para morrer (cordel), 1962
Quem matou Aparecida? (cordel), 1962
A luta corporal e novos poemas, 1966
História de um valente, (cordel, na clandestinidade, como João Salgueiro), 1966
Por você por mim, 1968
Dentro da noite veloz, 1975
Poema sujo, 1976
Na vertigem do dia, 1980
Crime na flora ou Ordem e progresso, 1986
Barulhos, 1987
O formigueiro, 1991
Muitas vozes, 1999

Anthologies

Antologia poética, 1977
Toda poesia, 1980
Ferreira Gullar - seleção de Beth Brait, 1981
Os melhores poemas de Ferreira Gullar - seleção de Alfredo Bosi, 1983
Poemas escolhidos, 1989

Short stories

Gamação, 1996
Cidades inventadas, 1997

Theater

Um rubi no umbigo, 1979

Chronicles

A estranha vida banal, 1989
O menino e o arco-íris, 2001

Memories

Rabo de foguete - Os anos de exílio, 1998

Biography

Nise da Silveira: uma psiquiatra rebelde, 1996

Essays

Teoria do não-objeto, 1959
Cultura posta em questão, 1965
Vanguarda e subdesenvolvimento, 1969
Augusto do Anjos ou Vida e morte nordestina, 1977
Tentativa de compreensão: arte concreta, arte neoconcreta - Uma contribuição brasileira, 1977
Uma luz no chão, 1978
Sobre arte, 1983
Etapas da arte contemporânea: do cubismo à arte neoconcreta, 1985
Indagações de hoje, 1989
Argumentação contra a morte da arte, 1993
O Grupo Frente e a reação neoconcreta, 1998
Cultura posta em questão/Vanguarda e subdesenvolvimento, 2002
Rembrandt, 2002
Relâmpagos, 2003