Fergushill
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Fergushill is a small community in North Ayrshire, Parish of Kilwinning, Scotland. The Barony of Fergushill was held by the Fergushill family of that Ilk and the area has a complex history.
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[edit] History
[edit] The Fergushills of that Ilk
The area is either named after the family of this name, Fergushill of that Ilk, or more likely, the family took the name of the area as their patronym, as with the Cunninghame clan. Robert de Fergushill de Eodem had an extensive estate here in 1417. Robert Fergushill died in the late 17th-century and was the last of the family to be local lairds. The expression 'de Eodem' refers to the patronym being the same name as the barony.
Robert Fergushill is shown in a charter from Robert Hunter of Hunterston to have a share in the 46s 8d land of Annanhill-Hunter, however William Henry Dunlop remained the proprietor.[1]
In the 17th-century it was the custom in respectable families for the names of the principal friends present to be entered into the baptismal register. Mr.Baillie of Monkton's regsiter had the names Fergushill, Ashinyards and Muncardine entered.[2]
The Laird of Fergushill in the early 1700s was amongst a number of local lairds who ordered the bailies of Kilmarnock to proceed with the causewaying of the streets. A very early example of road improvements in Ayrshire.[3]
A John Fergushill (1592 - 1644) was a covenanter minister and martyr who is remembered by a monument erected at Fenwick kirk.[4][5]
Fergushill as a surname is a sept of the Clan Fergusson.
In 1605 Patrick Lowrie was convicted of being a warlock and sentenced to be strangled and then burned at the stake in Edinburgh. One of Lowrie's crimes was stated as being for art and part of the Bewitching of certain milk kye, pertaining to Johnne Fergushill, younger, in Halie, at Beltane 1604 years; whereby the kye gave no milk but blood and worsome (purlent) therafter.[6]
[edit] Fergushill House and other properties of that name
Alexander Craufurd of Fergushill inherited the property from his father and it next passed by inheritance to the Kincaid family who alienated the lands to Neil Macvicar and his wife Elizabeth Montgomerie in 1728. The Macvicars retained the lands until 1802 when they were acquired by Robert Glasgow of Montgreenan.[3].
A number of properties in the surrounding area have the appellation Fergushill, such as at Knockentiber; North & South Fergushills near Eglinton, also Hill and Hall of Fergushill at Auchentiber. Robert Fergushill of Fergushill had a crown charter in 1633 of the lands of Middle Auchentiber.
Ness[7] records that Fergushill was at its height in around 1560 and that it and its coal pits finally became a pendicle of Eglinton in 1799. The old house itself stood about 75 yards to the east of the 'Elbo and chael' bridges as the old horse tramway and road bridges seem to have been known locally. In the late 1960s all that remained of the old house were a few low walls.
Townhead of Fulwood belonged to James Fergushill, disposed to him by Alexander Dunlop of that Ilk in 1687. The family held it until about 1750, when William Mackie of Mosside obtained it.[1]
Robertson in 1823 records that The mansion of Fergushill appears now as a commodious farm house, covered with thatch: but its ancient gardens, pretty well stored with plum and other fruit trees, indicate its former rank.[8] Aerial photographs and observations on the ground show the ditch, dyke and coppiced trees which may have been the boundary between the two baronies.[9]
The old house stood on the north side of the Lugton Water and in 1799 it became the property of the 12th Earl of Eglinton and Winton, it was still described as A good mansion, surrounded by some fine old trees, render the place still worthy of being inhabited by ane honest and descreit gentleman.[10] In 1775 Andrew Armstrong's, A new map of Ayrshire... shows the mansion and wooded policies of Fergushill.
Davis records the existence of a disused driveway at Fergushill with a demolished gate-lodge; he goes on to record that the ruins of a small house are to be found in vicinity of the farm buildings.[11]
Fergushill House stood near the Lugton Water, close to South Fergushill Farm and the present day Fergushill cottage. As stated, the Chapelholme woodlands still contain a network of banks and ditches with lime tree plantings and coppicing which may represent the march dyke, etc. between the Fergushill and Eglinton lands.
[edit] The Darien Affair
The Darien Company was an attempt by the Scots to set up a trading colony in America in the late 1690s, however the opposition from England and elsewhere was so great that the attempt failed with huge losses and great financial implications for the country and for individuals. Half of the whole circulating capital of Scotland was subscribed and mostly lost. In Cunninghame some examples of losses are John Craufurd of Fergushill (£1000), Hugh Stevenson of Mongtreenan (£1000), and Sir William Cunninghame of Cunninghamhead (£1000). In modern terms a thousand pounds loss in the 17th century must have been a devastating blow even to the finances of great landowning families.[10]
[edit] Fergushill church
Fergushill church in Benslie was built to serve the local rural and mining communities of Doura, Fergushill, and Montgreenan.[12] It was consecrated on Sunday, 3 November 1879 and the first minister was then Rev. William McAlpine.[13] It got its name from the Fergushill Mission which was based at Fergushill school, which was closed in 1950.[14] The church had its spire blown down in a gale in 1968, also damaging the roof; the building was repaired in 1969.[7]
[edit] Fergushill church gallery
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[edit] The rural community
Fergushill Cottage faced the Lugton Water just below the point at which the Fergushill Burn joins the river. Nothing much remains, however a Mrs. Miller once lived here and she recollected collecting water from the well which still exists as a circular low brick wall near to the site. A weir still exists on the Lugton Water near here and this was the site of a drowning in the 1990s.
Saugh Trees cottage sits close to the old waggonway bridge and a cottage by the unusual name of 'Redboiler' used to sit road junction up to Seven Acres. Red Boiler had a number of large metal boiler vessels in which soap was possibly produced using alkali derived local hard would ashes as the ley and local animal carcasses.
John Thomson's Atlas of Scotland, 1832, marks a 'Baker's Mill' on the Lugton Water, possibly explaining the presence of the surviving weir.[15] Both may also relate to the old barony mill.
[edit] The school
Fergushill school house still exists, however the school, which sat on the road up to Broomhill and North Fergushill farms has been demolished.
[edit] The Industrial past
John Smith in 1895 records the remains of an old lade , which supplied water to drive a wheel wherewith the old coal-pits used to be drained.[16] A relatively early example of the use of such technology.
In 1874 Dobie records that a miner's village called Fergushill existed with a population of 531.[17] Groome refers to the colliers village as having been established in around 1835.[18]
Fergushill miners' village, was owned by Messrs. Finnie & Son. It was composed of 7 rows of cottages. There were ten thatched cottages. In 1913 63 persons lived here. One room, measuring 9 feet by 6 feet, held thirteen persons. The rows had names like Wellington and Burn. At one time there were 78 houses in the village, with a population of 363.[19] It was demolished and nothing now remains at the site, other than North Fergushill farm.
A horse drawn tramway, opened in 1834, which ran up to Fergushill and Doura, ending at the coal pit.[9] The old waggonway bridge across the Lugton Water still stands.
Fergushill Tile Works existed in 1858, but is not shown on the 1897 OS map. A number of freight lines have run through the village, connecting the main line near Montgreenan with the Doura branch.
Fergushill colliery stood near the Chapel gate cottage (no longer present) of the Eglinton castle estate; the mine bing still survives amongst a screen of secondary woodland.
[edit] The Ardrossan and Johnstone Railway - Fergushill branch
This line began life as a waggonway which opened in 1831 between Ardrossan and Kilwinning and was known as the Ardrossan and Johnstone Railway.[20] It was initially built to the Scotch gauge of 4 ft 6 in (1,372 mm) and was worked by horses.[21] It had a passenger services worked by a carriages which held 24 passengers; 16 inside and 8 outside.[21] The railway was built by the Glasgow, Paisley and Johnstone Canal company. It commenced on the west side of Ardrossan harbour. The 3 mile (5 km) long Doura branch left the main line near Stevenston and crossed under the Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway to reach the Doura coal pit.[20][21] The 0.5 mile Fergus Hill branch left the Doura branch just after the Lugton Water crossing to reach the Fergus Hill coal pit.[20][21] The line would have been involved in the transportation of visitors to the famous Eglinton Tournament of 1839.[22]
[edit] Fergushill gallery 2007 - 2008
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[edit] References
- ^ a b Dobie, James (1876). Pont's Cunninghame topographized 1604-1608 with continuations and illustrative notices (1876). Pub. John Tweed. P. 69.
- ^ Robertson, George (1823). A Genealogical Account of the Principal Families in Ayrshire, more particularly in Cunninghame. Pub. Cunninghame Press. Irvine. P. 27.
- ^ a b Paterson, James (1866) History of the Counties of Ayr and Wigton. Vol. III - Cuninghame. Pub. James Stillie. Edinburgh. P. 374.
- ^ Macintosh, John (1894) Ayrshire Nights' Entertainments. pub. Dunlop & Drennan. Kilmarnock. P. 268.
- ^ Biography of John Fergushill.
- ^ Mackintosh, Ian M. (1969), Old Troon and District. Pub. George Outram, Kilmarnock. P. 61.
- ^ a b Ness, J. A. (1969 - 70). Landmarks of Kilwynnyng. Privately produced.
- ^ Robertson, George (1823). A Genealogical Account of the Principal Families in Ayrshire, more particularly in Cunninghame. Pub. Cunninghame Press. Irvine. P. 212.
- ^ a b Eglinton Country Park archive.
- ^ a b Dobie, James (1876). Pont's Cunninghame topographized 1604-1608 with continuations and illustrative notices (1876). Pub. John Tweed. P. 140.
- ^ Davis, Michael (1991), The Castles and Mansions of Ayrshire. Pub. Privately by M.Davis. P. 261.
- ^ Fergushill Church
- ^ Ker, Rev. William Lee (1900) Kilwinnning. Pub. A.W.Cross, Kilwinning. P. 153.
- ^ Ker, Rev. William Lee (1900) Kilwinnning. Pub. A.W.Cross, Kilwinning. P. 151.
- ^ Maps at the National Library of Scotland. John Thomson's Map
- ^ Smith, John (1895) Prehistoric Man In Ayrshire. Pub. Elliot Stock. London. P. 61.
- ^ Dobie, James (1876). Pont's Cunninghame topographized 1604-1608 with continuations and illustrative notices (1876). Pub. John Tweed. P. 150.
- ^ Groome, Francis H. (1903). Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland. Pub. Caxton. London. P. 574.
- ^ Fergushill Miner's Rows
- ^ a b c Lewin, Henry Grote (1925). Early British Railways. A short history of their origin & development 1801-1844. London: The Locomotive Publishing Co Ltd. OCLC 11064369. P. 17 - 18
- ^ a b c d Whishaw, Francis [1842] (Reprinted and republished 1969). The Railways of Great Britain and Ireland practically described and illustrated, 2nd, Newton Abbott: David & Charles (1842 edition - London: John Weale). ISBN 0-7153-4786-1.
- ^ Anstruther, Ian. (1963),"The Knight and the Umbrella: An Account of the Eglinton Tournament — 1839", Geoffrey Bles Ltd, London.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
