From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
February 13 is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 321 days remaining until the end of the year (322 in leap years).
[edit] Events
- 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed.
- 1503 - Disfida di Barletta - Famous challenge between 13 Italian and 13 French knights near Barletta.
- 1542 - Catherine Howard, the fifth wife of Henry VIII of England, is executed for adultery.
- 1575 - Henry III of France is crowned at Rheims.
- 1575 - Henry III of France marries Louise de Lorraine-Vaudémont.
- 1633 - Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition.
- 1635 - The first public school in the U.S., Boston Latin School, is founded.
- 1668 - Spain recognizes Portugal as an independent nation.
- 1689 - William and Mary are proclaimed co-rulers of England.
- 1692 - Massacre of Glencoe : About 78 Macdonalds at Glen Coe, Scotland are killed early in the morning for not promptly pledging allegiance to the new king, William of Orange.
- 1815 - The Cambridge Union Society is founded.
- 1866 - Jesse James and his gang commit the first armed bank robbery in United States history during peacetime in Liberty, Missouri.
- 1880 - Work begins on the covering of the Senne, burying Brussels's primary river and creating the modern central boulevards.
- 1880 - Thomas Edison observes the Edison effect.
- 1881 - The feminist newspaper La Citoyenne is first published in Paris by the activist Hubertine Auclert.
- 1894 - Auguste and Louis Lumière patent the Cinematographe, a combination movie camera and projector.
- 1899 - Tallahassee, Florida records its all time coldest temperature of -2 degrees Fahrenheit.
- 1914 - Copyright: In New York City the ASCAP (for American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers) is established to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members.
- 1920 - The Negro National League is formed.
- 1934 - The Soviet steamship Cheliuskin sinks in the Arctic Ocean.
- 1935 - A jury in Flemington, New Jersey finds Bruno Hauptmann guilty of the 1932 kidnapping and murder of the Lindbergh baby, the son of Charles Lindbergh.
- 1945 - World War II: Red Army forces take Budapest, Hungary from Wehrmacht forces.
- 1945 - World War II: Royal Air Force bombers are dispatched to Dresden, Germany to attack the city with a massive aerial bombardment (see Bombing of Dresden in World War II).
- 1955 - Israel obtains 4 of the 7 Dead Sea scrolls.
- 1960 - Nuclear testing: France tests its first atomic bomb.
- 1971 - Vietnam War: Backed by American air and artillery support, South Vietnamese troops invade Laos.
- 1974 - Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, winner of the Nobel Prize in literature in 1970, is exiled from the Soviet Union.
- 1975 - A fire erupts in the World Trade Center in New York City, New York.
- 1978 - Hilton bombing: a bomb explodes in a refuse truck outside the Hilton Hotel in Sydney, Australia, killing two refuse collectors and a policeman.
- 1979 - An intense windstorm strikes western Washington and sinks a 1/2-mile-long section of the Hood Canal Bridge.
- 1981 - A series of sewer explosions destroys more than two miles of streets in Louisville, Kentucky.
- 1984 - Konstantin Chernenko succeeds the late Yuri Andropov as general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
- 1990 - German reunification: An agreement is reached on a two-stage plan to reunite Germany.
- 1991 - Gulf War: Two laser-guided "smart bombs" destroy a bunker in Baghdad. The bunker was being used as a military communications outpost and unknown to allied forces, as a shelter for Iraqi civilians.
- 1997 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 7,000 for the first time closing at 7,022.44.
- 2000 - The last original "Peanuts" comic strip appears in newspapers one day after Charles M. Schulz dies.
- 2001 - An earthquake measuring 6.6 on the Richter Scale hits El Salvador, killing at least 400.
- 2004 - The Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics discovers the universe's largest known diamond, white dwarf star BPM 37093.
- 2007 - Taiwan opposition leader Ma Ying-jeou resigns as the chairman of the Kuomintang party after being indicted by the Taiwan High Prosecutors Office on charges of embezzlement during his tenure as the mayor of Taipei; Ma also announces his candidacy for the 2008 presidential election.
- 2008 - Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd makes a historic apology to the Indigenous Australians and The Stolen Generations.
[edit] Births
- 1457 - Mary of Burgundy, daughter of Charles the Bold and wife of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1482)
- 1480 - Girolamo Aleandro, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1542)
- 1599 - Pope Alexander VII (d. 1667)
- 1672 - Étienne François Geoffroy, French chemist (d. 1731)
- 1683 - Giovanni Battista Piazzetta, Italian painter and Fortune teller (d. 1754)
- 1721 - John Reid, British army general and composer (d. 1807)
- 1728 - John Hunter, Scottish surgeon (d. 1793)
- 1743 - Joseph Banks, English botanist and naturalist (d. 1820)
- 1766 - Thomas Robert Malthus, English demographer and political economist (d. 1834)
- 1768 - Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier, French marshal (d. 1835)
- 1769 - Ivan Krylov, Russian fabulist (d. 1844)
- 1805 - Peter Gustav Dirichlet, German mathematician (d. 1859)
- 1835 - Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, Founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community (d. 1908)
- 1855 - Paul Deschanel, French President (d. 1922)
- 1873 - Feodor Chaliapin, Russian bass (d. 1938)
- 1876 - Fritz Buelow, German-born American baseball player (d. 1933)
- 1879 - Sarojini Naidu, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1949)
- 1881 - Eleanor Farjeon, English author (d. 1965)
- 1884 - Alfred Carlton Gilbert, American athlete, inventor, and businessman (d. 1961)
- 1885 - Bess Truman, First Lady of the United States, wife of President Harry S. Truman (d. 1982)
- 1891 - Kate Roberts, Welsh nationalist and writer (d. 1985)
- 1891 - Grant Wood, American painter (d. 1942)
- 1903 - Georges Simenon, Belgian writer (d. 1989)
- 1906 - Agostinho da Silva, Portuguese philosopher (d. 1994)
- 1907 - Katy de la Cruz, Filipino singer (d. 2004)
- 1910 - William Shockley, American physicist and eugenicist, Nobel Laureate (d. 1989)
- 1911 - Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Pakistani Urdu poet, Lenin Peace Prize winner (d. 1984)
- 1915 - Aung San, Burmese general and politician (d. 1947)
- 1915 - Lyle Bettger, American actor (d. 2003)
- 1918 - Patty Berg, American golfer (d. 2006)
- 1919 - Tennessee Ernie Ford, American musician (d. 1991)
- 1919 - Eddie Robinson, American football coach (d. 2007)
- 1920 - Boudleaux Bryant, American songwriter (d. 1987)
- 1920 - Eileen Farrell, American opera soprano (d. 2002)
- 1922 - Francis Pym, British Foreign Secretary 1982-83
- 1922 - Gordon Tullock, American economist
- 1923 - Michael Bilandic, Mayor of Chicago (d. 2002)
- 1923 - Yfrah Neaman, Lebanese-born violinist (d. 2003)
- 1923 - Chuck Yeager, American fighter & test pilot, and the first person to break the "sound barrier" in level flight (1947)
- 1924 - Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber, French journalist (d. 2006)
- 1928 - Dorothy McGuire, American singer (The McGuire Sisters)
- 1929 - Omar Torrijos, Panamanian ruler (d. 1981)
- 1930 - Ernst Fuchs, Austrian artist
- 1932 - Susan Oliver, American actress (d. 1990)
- 1933 - Paul Biya, Cameroon politician
- 1933 - Costa Gavras, Greek-French filmmaker
- 1933 - Kim Novak, American actress
- 1933 - Caroline Blakiston, British actress
- 1934 - George Segal, American actor
- 1935 - Dr. Don Panoz, American entrepreneur and motorsports impresario (ALMS)
- 1937 - Ali El-Maak, Sudanese writer (d. 1992)
- 1938 - Oliver Reed, English actor (d. 1999)
- 1939 - Beate Klarsfeld, German Nazi hunter
- 1941 - Andrea Conte, First Lady of Tennessee 2003 - present
- 1941 - Sigmar Polke, German painter
- 1942 - Carol Lynley, American actress
- 1942 - Peter Tork, American musician and actor (The Monkees)
- 1943 - Geoff Edwards, American game show host
- 1944 - Rebop Kwaku Baah, Nigerian percussionist (d. 1983)
- 1944 - Stockard Channing, American actress
- 1944 - Jerry Springer, American television host
- 1944 - Bo Svenson, Swedish-born actor
- 1944 - Oduvil Unnikrishnan, Indian actor (d. 2006)
- 1945 - King Floyd, American musician (d. 2006)
- 1945 - David Tremlett, English Artist
- 1946 - Louis Kondos, Greek actor
- 1946 - Colin Matthews, British composer
- 1947 - Mike Krzyzewski, American basketball player and coach
- 1950 - Peter Gabriel, English musician (Genesis), composer and humanitarian
- 1951 - Greg Fulginiti, American mastering engineer
- 1951 - David Naughton, American actor and singer
- 1952 - Freddy Maertens, Belgian cyclist
- 1953 - Rico J. Puno, Filipino pop singer
- 1954 - Donnie Moore, American baseball player (d. 1989)
- 1955 - Joe Birkett, American lawyer
- 1956 - Peter Hook, English bassist (Joy Division and New Order)
- 1956 - Yiannis Kouros, Greek-Australian runner
- 1956 - Princess Alia bint Al Hussein, Jordanian Royal Family member
- 1956 - Liam Brady, Irish footballer
- 1957 - Denise Austin, American fitness expert
- 1958 - Pernilla August, Swedish actress
- 1958 - Marc Emery, Canadian cannabis activist
- 1958 - Derek Riggs, British artist
- 1958 - Tip Tipping, British actor and stuntman (d. 1993)
- 1959 - Gaston Gingras, National Hockey League defenceman
- 1959 - Gord Hampson, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1960 - Pierluigi Collina, Italian football referee
- 1960 - Gary Patterson, American football coach
- 1960 - Matt Salinger, American actor
- 1960 - Artur Yusupov, Russian-German chess player
- 1961 - Henry Rollins, American musician
- 1961 - Marc Crawford, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
- 1962 - Aníbal Acevedo Vilá, American politician
- 1964 - Mark Patton, American actor
- 1964 - Ylva Johansson, Swedish politician
- 1966 - Jeff Waters, Canadian musician (Annihilator)
- 1967 - Stanimir Stoilov, Bulgarian footballer and coach
- 1968 - Kelly Hu, American actress
- 1969 - Ahlam, Bahraini singer
- 1970 - Karoline Krüger, Norwegian singer
- 1971 - Sonia, British singer
- 1971 - Mats Sundin, Swedish ice hockey player
- 1971 - Todd Williams, American baseball player
- 1972 - Charlie Garner, American football player
- 1974 - Gus Hansen, Danish professional poker player
- 1974 - Robbie Williams, English singer
- 1974 - Jeff Duran, American radio personality
- 1975 - Iván González, Puerto Rican writer and musician
- 1976 - Martin Sastre, Uruguayan artist
- 1976 - Feist, Canadian singer and songwriter
- 1976 - Dave Padden, Canadian musician (Annihilator)
- 1977 - Randy Moss, American football player
- 1977 - Ben Collins, British racing driver
- 1978 - Mini Anden, Swedish model and actress
- 1978 - Hamish Glencross, Scottish heavy metal guitarist My Dying Bride
- 1979 - Rafael Márquez, Mexican footballer
- 1979 - Mena Suvari, American actress
- 1980 - Sebastian Kehl, German footballer
- 1981 - Luisão, Brazilian footballer
- 1981 - Liam Miller, Irish footballer
- 1981 - Luke Ridnour, American basketball player
- 1982 - Michael Turner, Running Back for the San Diego Chargers
- 1982 - Lanisha Cole, American model
- 1985 - Kwak Ji-min, South Korean actress
- 1985 - Alexandros Tziolis, Greek footballer
- 1986 - Luke Moore, English footballer
- 1989 - Carly McKillip, Canadian actress
- 1990 - Olivia Allison, British synchronized swimmer
[edit] Deaths
- 858 - Kenneth I of Scotland
- 1130 - Pope Honorius II
- 1141 - Béla II of Hungary (b. 1110)
- 1219 - Minamoto no Sanetomo, Japanese shogun (b. 1192)
- 1332 - Andronikos II Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1259)
- 1539 - Isabella d'Este, Marquise of Mantua (b. 1474)
- 1542 - Catherine Howard, fifth wife of Henry VIII of England (executed) (b. 1525)
- 1571 - Benvenuto Cellini, Italian artist (b. 1500)
- 1585 - Alfonso Salmeron, Spanish Jesuit biblical scholar (b. 1515)
- 1592 - Jacopo Bassano, Italian painter
- 1600 - Gian Paolo Lomazzo, Italian painter (b. 1538)
- 1602 - Alexander Nowell, English clergyman
- 1608 - Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski, Lithuanian prince (b. 1526)
- 1624 - Stephen Gosson, English satirist (b. 1554)
- 1657 - Miles Sindercombe, attempted assassin of Oliver Cromwell
- 1660 - King Charles X of Sweden (b. 1622)
- 1662 - Elizabeth Stuart (b. 1596)
- 1727 - William Wotton, English scholar (b. 1666)
- 1728 - Cotton Mather, American Puritan minister (b. 1663)
- 1732 - Charles-René d'Hozier, French historian (b. 1640)
- 1787 - Ruđer Bošković, Croatian scientist and diplomat (b. 1711)
- 1787 - Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, French statesman and diplomat (b. 1717)
- 1813 - Samuel Ashe, Governor of North Carolina (b. 1725)
- 1818 - George Rogers Clark, American military leader (b. 1752)
- 1826 - Petr Alekseevich Pahlen, Russian general (b. 1745)
- 1837 - Mariano José de Larra, Spanish journalist and writer (b. 1809
- 1845 - Henrik Steffens, Norwegian-German philosopher (b. 1773)
- 1883 - Richard Wagner, German composer (b. 1813)
- 1888 - Jean Baptiste Lamy, 1st Archbishop of Santa Fe (b. 1814)
- 1889 - João Maurício Wanderley, Brazilian magistrate and politician (b. 1885)
- 1905 - Konstantin Savitsky, Russian painter (b. 1844)
- 1942 - Epitácio Pessoa, Brazilian president (b. 1865)
- 1950 - Rafael Sabatini, Italian author (b. 1875)
- 1951 - Lloyd C. Douglas, American author (b. 1877)
- 1952 - Josephine Tey, English author (b. 1896)
- 1958 - Georges Rouault, French painter (b. 1871)
- 1958 - Dame Christabel Pankhurst, a leading suffragette (English) "Queen of the mob" (b.1880)
- 1964 - Werner Heyde, German psyhiatrist (b. 1902)
- 1968 - Mae Marsh, American actress (b. 1895)
- 1975 - André Beaufre, French General (b. 1902)
- 1976 - Murtala Mohammed, Nigerian military leader (b. 1938)
- 1976 - Lily Pons, French-born soprano (b. 1904)
- 1980 - David Janssen, American actor (b. 1931)
- 1984 - Andre Stander, South African police captain and bank robber (b. 1946)
- 1989 - Wayne Hays, American politician (b. 1911)
- 1991 - Arno Breker, German sculptor (b. 1900)
- 1992 - Nikolay Bogolyubov, Russian mathematician (b. 1909)
- 1996 - Martin Balsam, American actor (b. 1919)
- 1997 - Mark Krasnosel'skii, Russian-Ukrainian mathematician (b. 1920)
- 2000 - James Cooke Brown, American author and inventor (b. 1921)
- 2002 - Waylon Jennings, American musician (b. 1937)
- 2003 - Kid Gavilan, Cuban boxer (b. 1926)
- 2003 - Axel Jensen, Norwegian author (b. 1932)
- 2003 - Walt Rostow, U.S. government official (b. 1916)
- 2004 - Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev, Chechen leader (b. 1952)
- 2005 - Nelson Briles, baseball player (b. 1943)
- 2005 - Lúcia Santos, Carmelite nun and Fatima visionary (b. 1907)
- 2005 - Maurice Trintignant, French race car driver (b. 1917)
- 2005 - Dick Weber, American professional bowler (b. 1929)
- 2005 - Emilios T. Harlaftis, Greek astrophysicist (b. 1965)
- 2006 - Andreas Katsulas, Greek-American actor (b. 1946)
- 2007 - Elizabeth Jolley, Australian writer (b. 1923)
- 2007 - Charlie Norwood, American politician (b. 1941)
- 2007 - Johanna Sällström, Swedish actress (b. 1974)
- 2007 - Richard Gordon Wakeford, Air Marshal, Royal Air Force (b. 1922)
- 2008 - Roger Voisin, Trumpet player, Boston Symphony (b. 1918)
[edit] Holidays and observances
[edit] External links
