Feature film

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In the film industry, a feature film is a film made for initial distribution in theaters and being the "main attraction" of the screening (as opposed to any short films which may be screened before it).

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences,[1] the American Film Institute,[2] and the British Film Institute[3] all define a feature as a film with a running time of 40 minutes or longer. The "Centre national de la cinématographie" in France defines it as a 35 mm film which is longer than 1,600 metres, which comes out to exactly 58 minutes and 29 seconds for sound films, and the Screen Actors Guild gives a minimum running time of 80 minutes.[4] Today, a feature film is usually between 90 and 210 minutes[citation needed]; a children's film is usually between 60 and 120 minutes[citation needed]. An anthology film is a fixed sequence of short subjects with a common theme, combined into a feature film.

The term evolved from the days when the cinema-goer would watch a series of short subjects before the main film. The shorts would typically include newsreels, serials, animated cartoons and live-action comedies and documentaries. These types of short films would lead up to what came to be called the "featured presentation": the film given the most prominent billing and running multiple reels.

Early proto-features had been produced in America and France, but were released in individual scenes, leaving the exhibitor the option of running them together;[5] or they were full-length records of a boxing match.

Based on length, the first feature film was the 70-minute film The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906) from Australia. The first European feature was the 90-minute film L'Enfant prodigue (France, 1907), although that was basically an unmodified record of a stage play; Europe's first feature adapted directly for the screen, Les Misérables, came from France in 1909. The first Russian feature was Defence of Sevastopol in 1911. The first UK features were the documentary With Our King and Queen Through India (1912), filmed in Kinemacolor, and Oliver Twist (1912). The first American features were a different production of Oliver Twist (1912), From the Manger to the Cross (1912), and Richard III (1912), the latter starring actor Frederick Warde. The first Romanian feature film was The Independence of Romania (1912). The first Asian feature was Japan's The Life Story of Tasuke Shiobara (1912), the first South American feature was Brazil's O Crime dos Banhados (1913), and the first African feature was South Africa's Die Voortrekkers (1916).

By 1915 over 600 features were produced annually in America. The most prolific year of U.S. feature production was 1921, with 854 releases; the lowest number of releases was in 1963, with 121. Between 1922 and 1970, the U.S. and Japan alternated as leaders in the quantity of feature film production. Since 1971, the country with the highest feature output has been India.[6]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ 79th Academy Awards Rules, Rule 2: Eligibility.
  2. ^ The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures.
  3. ^ Denis Giford, The British Film Catalogue.
  4. ^ Screen Actors Guild Letter Agreement for Low-Budget Theatrical Features.
  5. ^ The American company S. Lubin released a Passion Play in January 1903 in 31 parts, totalling about 60 minutes. The French company Pathé Frères released a different Passion Play, La Vie et la passion de Jésus Christ, in May 1903 in 32 parts running about 44 minutes.
  6. ^ Patrick Robertson, Film Facts, New York: Billboard Books, 2001, p. 15.