Fazilka
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?Fazilka Punjab • India |
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Coordinates: | |
Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
Area • Elevation |
• 167 m (548 ft) |
District(s) | Firozpur |
Population | 67,424 (2001) |
Codes • Pincode • Telephone • Vehicle |
• 152123 • +01638 • Pb-22 |
Fazilka is a city and a municipal council in Firozpur district in the state of Punjab, India.
[edit] Name & History
The 164 year old historic town of Fazilka in the District Ferozepur, also known as Bangla (the first political officer stationed in this area was Mr.Vans Agnew. He built a bungalow near the horse-shoe lake at Badha and the place came to be known as bangla,a new name given to the new establishment by the people) It is located in southwestern Punjab (INDIA), about 325 km west of Punjab State Capital Chandigarh, 85 km south-west of the district headquarters, Ferozepur and 200 km south of Amritsar. Fazilka is near the India-Pakistan border which is 11 km away. It is situated on the rice growing and cotton rich belt of the state and is one of the major rice exporting centers in India. Before partition, the town was the biggest wool market in undivided Punjab.
Fazilka's origin dates back to AD 1844. It was established by Mr. Vans Agnew and was christened after the original owner of the land, Mian Fazil Watoo.A payment of Rs 144 and annas eight was paid to his descendants in 1877 from panchayat fund and named the place after Mian Fazil Watoo(Lambardar)as FAZILKA. Being at the border, Fazilka also had to bear the brunt of India-Pakistan partition in 1947 and the two Indo-Pak wars of 1965 and 1971. After the death of Mr Agnew Mr Oliver of East India Company took over charge as station Incharge at Fazilka.
Fazilka is world famous for its "Punjabi Tilla Jutti" and "Tosha" sweets which have its origin in Fazilka. The first single cylinder steam ship in the world, Fazilka, was named coincidentally after this town. Fazilka is also home to the second biggest TV tower in Asia, which stands at 305 m above the ground.
[edit] Other Major Landmarks[1]
1. Municipality was formed in 1885, vide Punjab Government notification no. 486, dated 10 December 1885. The town was added to the Ferozepur district on the reduction of Sirsa district to which Fazilka was attached in 1884.
2. In 1936, A beautiful Clock Tower was built at the centre of the town, which is now a landmark.It was built in the memory of Ram Narain Periwal.
Fazilka and Layallpur Clock Towers Both the clock towers were placed at the city center connected by four /eight markets roads in Fazilka and Lyallpur (Now known as Faislabad) respectively. Bird's-eye view of both the clock tower looks like the Union Jack i.e. national flag of the Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Both the cities Fazilka and Lyallpur came into existence between 1840-1880. Historical evidance says both city centre were designed by Captain Poham Young, to imitate the Union Flag with eight/four roads radiating from a large clock tower in the centre to main separate markets. Layallpur Clock Tower was built by the British Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab, Sir Charles James Lyall for whom it was originally named Lyallpur. Fazilka Clock Tower was built by famous philanthropist of Fazilka Late Mr. Ram Narayan Pediwal. Fazilka clock tower is the tallest clock tower in the North India (Height 95 feet appox.). Here it is important to note that Fazilka Clock Tower is the first of its kind of Brick Masonry multistoried Building in built in Punjab. (est. 1939). Picture of Fazilka Clock Tower is placed in Picture gallery of Punjab Vidhan Sabha, Chandigarh [3]
3. In 1940, A philanthropist Munshi Ram Aggarwal instituted M.R. college for the education of the youngsters of the region. Now it has been taken over by the Punjab Government, named M.R. Govt. College.
4. In 1947, the population of the town has been 50% Hindus and Sikhs and 50% Muslims before partition of the country.The Muslim population migrated to Pakistan and the Hindu and Sikh refugees from Pakpattan, Haveli, Okara, Montgomery(renamed Sahiwal), Arifwala, Basirpur, Bahawalpur came to this town in caravans.
5. Asafwala 1971 Indo-Pak War Memorial: This was inaugurated by Late President of India Giani Zail Singh. This monument is a tribute to all Indian army soldiers who laid down their lives to save our City. This is under 4 JAT Regiment who played important role in 1971 Indo-Pak War.
[edit] Economy of the Town[4]
Economy of the Fazilka is Agro based. Before partition it was a major Wool market. Wool is the hair or fleece of a sheep.It is a natural fibre. Traders used to export Wool to British Isle (Liverpool) via Karachi and Sindh port.In 2007, Wool production decreased to about 1/10th or less of the production before partition.Government has done nothing to better the lot of Shepherds and to enhance the production of wool.
Now Fazilka is a major COTTON, Wheat and Paddy producing area.These crops contribute to the prosperity of Fazilka. As the water level going down day by day, the need of the hour is to diversify land towards Horticulture and Floriculture.There are no major industries.There are some cottonginning & pressing Factories.SomeEdible Oil Crushing Mills and some rice shellers. Most of the educated youngsters are migrating to metros. To halt this migration Indo-Pak border should open and new IT based industries and other like spinning mills Vanspati Ghee Units ,Edible Oil refineries and Food processing Industries should be established.[5]
[edit] Education[6]
Graduate level courses are available at M.R.Govt. College. Some private institutes give opportunities for diploma and degree level computer courses.courses are also available for B.Ed.There is one Industrial Training Institute which provide vocational courses.Some private institutes also provide vocational courses. There is no Engineering college at Fazilka.
Colleges and Professional Institutes
1. M.R Govt. College, Fazilka
2. Jyoti B.Ed College, Fazilka
3. D.A.V College of Education, Fazilka
4. Sant Kabir Polytechnic, Fazilka
5. Art and Craft College, Fazilka
6. Bhagwan Parshuram Art & Craft I.T.I Fazilka
Famous Schools
1. Govt. Modal Senior Seconday School, Fazilka
2. Atam Vallab Public School, Fazilka
3. Army School, Fazilka
4. Smt. Karma Bai, D.A.V School, Fazilka
5. S.D. Senior Seconday School Fazilka
6. D.A.V. Senior Secondary School, Fazilka
7. Sanskrit Vidhyalaya, Fazilka
8. S.D. Girls Senior Seconday School
9. Govt. Girls Senior Seconday School, Fazilka
10. Islamia School (Before Partition)
11. Sarv Hitkari Vidya Mandir, Fazilka
12. D.A.V D.C Modal Senior Seconday School
13. Govt. Primary School No. 1, 2 and 3
14. Satsang Elementary Primary School, Fazilka
15. Jain School, Fazilka
16. Arya Kanya Putri Pathshala, Fazilka
17. Chanakya Model School, Fazilka
18. Holy Heart Day Boarding School, Fazilka
19. Rainbow Day Boarding Public School
20. Amrit Model School, Fazilka
21. Sikh Kanya Putri Pathshala, Fazilka
22. Holy Child Public School, Fazilka
23. Sacred Heart Convent School, Fazilka
[edit] Famous Computer Center's
- New Geeta Softech computers
ATM Computers
[edit] Short Movie on Fazilka : Ek Bangla Bane Nyara[7]
Short Movie on Fazilka "Ek Bangla Bane Nyara, Duration 9.49 Minutes, Directed and Still Photography by : Navdeep Asija, Screenplay : Studio Falak Fazilka, Animation : Mr Gaurav Chopra, Designers Club,Gurgaon. Year of Release : 2007. Produced by : Graduates Welfare Association Fazilka
Youtube Link : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ps-QAD3_qmE
[edit] Sports & Yoga
one can pursue 1 Cricket 2 Hockey 3 Weightlifting 4 Wrestling 5 Football(Soccer) 6 Volleyball 7 Table tennis 8 Basketball 9 Billiards 10 Swimming 11 kabaddi 12 Kho-Kho 13 Athletics 14 judo Karate 15 Badminton 16 Lawn Tennis 17 Yoga
1 There is one stadium at M.R.Govt.College campus Though the stadium was constructed with state govt.help Public approach is restricted.Sports authorities should make it open for eveyone
2 One swimming pool is constructed with the help of govt at The Recreation Club .This is open for all.
3 Now some private modern health clubs are opened where one can pursue Weightlifting,Bodybuilding,slimming course.For bllliards there are some private Tables.
4 There is one Yoga ashram at club road.There are some Morning Walker Clubs.
5 There is one Cricket Association.Other sports are encouraged at School & college level and individual level
6 There is demand for Lawn Tennis court at Fazilka.At The Recreation club Fazilka this facility could be created. There was Lawn Tennis court up to seventies in The Recreation club.Some old members were fond of this game.Those people and young sportpersons of Fazilka are keen to start this world popular game.
[edit] Fairs and Festivals[8]
Fazilka region celebrated almost all important major festivals of India, like Diwali, Dushehra, Holi and Gurpurab. Apart from these major festival fazilka is famous for;
1. Vijay Diwas Celebration at Asafwala War Memorial on 17th December jointly by Indian Army and War Memorial Trust.
2. Village Ban Wala Mela.
3. Village Lalo Wali Wala Mela organised by famous Bedi Family of Fazilka in the memory of their Grand Mother.
4. Village Lakhe Kadayian Wala Mela, Twice in Year. Famous one is 1st date of Desi Month Sawan every years to celebrate the start of monsoon season. 5. Peer Guraya Mela, Nayi Abadi Fazilka
6. 15th August and 26th January Celebration at Sadqui Check Post,Indo Pakistan Border, Fazilka
7. Fazilka Heritage Festival, Mehak Sarhad Di to celebrate and promote art, culture and food of Fazilka region by Graduates Welfare Association Fazilka.
[edit] Recreational Facilities[9]
1. Badha Lake (Closed), it was famous for Peacock and Boat Rides
2. Cinema : Raja Cinema and Sanjeev Cinema
3. M.R. College Sports Stadium, Fazilka
4. Late Lala Sunam Rai Municipal Library, Pratap Bagh, Fazilka. Presently maintained by Press Club Fazilka
5. Reading Room : 2
6. Indoor Sports Auditorium : 2 ( Govt Boys and Girls Senior Seconday School, Fazilka)
7. High Power Doordarshan TV Transmission Tower with Second Highest TV Tower in Asia, HT. 305m
8. Broadband By BSNL, Airttel, TATA Indicom and Connect.
9. 5 Parks : Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Park (Pratap Bagh), Divya Jyoti Park near TV Tower, Swami Vivekanand Part near Truck Union, Seth Shopat Rai Pediwal Bagh, near Badha Lake and Railway Park
[edit] Utility Services
Municipal council of Fazilka is responsible for garbage handling, street light, water supply and sewage treatment. The city telephone is serviced by landline companies BSNL, Reliance infocom and connect. There are four mobile companies BSNL, Bharti airtel, Hutch, Spice which provide GSM services. Tata indicom and Reliance infocom provide CDMA services. Broadband internet accessis provided by Connect. Shortly BSNL wlll also start this facility. Direct to home (DTH) is provided by Tata Sky,and Dish Tv. Local cable operators also give cable connections. Electricity is supplied by state owned Punjab state Electricity Board (PSEB)
[edit] The Resources
The hinterland around this town grows high quality cereals (wheat, rice and others). When a calamity occurs due to food shortage in other provinces in India and in neighbouring countries like Bangladesh, the supply for food grains are from this region. A hybrid variety of citrus fruit is grown successfully in this region known as ‘Kino’. The high quality Gauva from the hinterland is a sweet and high nutrition fruit from this border region.
[edit] The Arts and Craft[10]
The heritage cottage industries like woven strings (Waan) fabricated from Sarkanda grass acquired from the bank of river Sutlej has enabled the intensive labour but low profit cottage industries to prosper. Skilled women power produce quality utilities and general articles for their own use and for gifts. The skilled leather workers stitch golden shoes(Punjabi Juti)befitting the royalty and are exported. Embroidered suits have always been popular with women, especially in Punjab. Fazilka is famous for its embroidery, because of its high- quality work, sold at reasonable rates. Hand embroidery is done by Muslim karigars, who came from Barelli and settled down here. The handiwork is so delicately done that it takes your breath away.The suits, saris, and kurtis that you can purchase in the Fazilka market, are much cheaper than similar ones available in the bigger cities. This creative art has given self-employment to the ladies and karigars of Fazilka. All Fazilka women, rich or not so- rich, certainly wear embroidered suits.
[edit] Environmental and Drinking Water Needs
There are no major gardens in the town. Municipality should purchase 10 acres of land on all major roads like Maloutroad, Abohar road, Ferozepur road and develop these lands into beautiful gardens The ground water for drinking purpose consumed by the population is riddled with excess fluoride which makes the people grow old even at forty. The children have damaged teeth and bone deteriorations. Recently government has provided canal drinking water but a lot is desired on this front.
[edit] Leading Business and Corporate Houses of Fazilka
Economy of Fazilka is based upon Agriculture, all leading business houses of Fazilka are agro based.Main are;
1. Zamindara Farmsolutions, Fazilka
2. Nasa Agro Industries, Fazilka
3. Jhamb Industries and Enterprises, Fazilka
4. Pediwal Fruit Farm, Khippanwali, Fazilka C/o Mr Sushil Pediwal
5. Orient Craft (P) Limited, Gurgaon
6. Bedi Farms, Fazilka
7. IndSwift Laboratories,Mohali
8.Ganpat Rai Tara Chand Cotton Merchants Fazilka
9. Laxmi Cotton Mills, Bathla Family
10. Jyani Organics and Farms, Katehra, Fazilka
11.Shree Balaji Cotton Mills Malout Road Fazilka
12. Nath Mal Bhanwar Lal, Fazilka
13. Raja Cinema, Fazilka
14. Jain Sales, Fazilka
15.Pakpatnian Sweets famous for Fazilka sweet "TOSHA"
16. Daulat Sweets, leading sweeet house in Fazilka region
[edit] Sad Story of Badha lake
Diverting the Sutlej water in Punjab to the Thar desert has affected the residents of Fazilka, a small town near the Radcliff line. This has been done to undoubtedly win over vote banks. The town situated along the banks of the freshwater horseshoe lake Badha has been receiving snow water as recharge from Sutlej. But the diversion has made the lake fluoride-ridden, with an increase in the total dissolved solids in groundwater. Birds from Siberia would come to this lake earlier. Once a breeding ground for fish, today the place is dry. We see encroachments on the riverbanks and the mafia sell the sand under the riverbed. And with the Sutlej truncated at Suleimanki Head Works by the Water Commission of the government of India, there's little hope for the people of Fazilka. Maybe a channel routed from the Bhakra main canal to the existing network of channels in South Punjab can fill the Badha lake with water every season.[11]
By Dr Bhupinder Singh, IIT Roorkee in Down to Earth Magazine
[edit] Master Plan [(Year Future)][12]
New money is coming. Price of properties are increasing. Fazilka Improvement Trust and Municipal Council (or any other Town Planning Authority) should ensure proper sewerage system, proper drainage system, proper drinking water facility and good civic amenities for new areas added to Fazilka and all existing wards of Fazilka. Flyovers and overbridges should also include in future Master Plans. Level of main roads, city roads and street roads remain same. It will avoid wastage of money in raising levels and flooding low level areas resulting from this planning. Young Civil Engineers and Architects belonging to Fazilka should voluntarily suggest master plan to authorities. Vision statement Fazilka 2047 has been released by Graduates Welfare Association Fazilka.
[edit] Famous People
This town produced professional singers of the level of Mr. Mehdi Hasan and Ms Reshma before partition of the sub continent. Most of the towns and villages in this region take their names from the habits of people living in the particular region. There are villages with names like “hamlet of the bitter people” (Kaurian-wali) and the “hamlet of the chiefs” (Paincha-wali). And of course there are villages with silly names like” where the asses got drowned” (Gaddon-doab) took place. Fazilka is of course the town of the learned people (‘Fazil’ in Persian means learned person). World famous. Others are
- Mehndi Hasan, World Famous Gazal Singer
- Padamshree, Pushpa Hans, Singer Actor
- Late Kunwar Mohinder Singh Bedi, Famous Poet
- Padamshree Kunwar Rajinder Singh Bedi, Film Maker
- Sardar Gurbachan Singh Brar, Indian Hockey Team Captain, 1950
- late Lala Sunam Rai, Freedom Fighter
- Justice H.S Bedi, Supreme Court of India
- Mrs Mera Chadha Borwankar, IPS Maharashra Crime Head
- Dr Jagjit Singh Chopra, President Indian Neurology Society
- Hindu chaplain of USA, Rajan Zed, worked in Fazilka
- Manzoor Ilahi, Pakistani Test Cricketer
- Gautam Ahuja, Novel Writer
- Er.Sarvpartap Singh Wander, Real Estate Developer, Toronto, Canada
Educationist
- Prof.(Dr)B.L. Ahuja, Retired Prof. IIT Delhi
- Prof (Dr)Bhupinder Singh, IIT Roorkee, Urja Purash Uttrakhand
- Prof (Dr)K.K. Pujara, Retired Prof. IIT Delhi
- Prof (Dr)Harpreet Singh,Head E & Ec Department,Wyne State Univ, USA
- Mr Ashwini Ahuja, Lecturer cum Novel Writer
- Lecturer Rattan Lal Kataria,Vetter of Maths Book of PSEB(10th)
MLA's of Fazilka[13]
- 2007 Ch.Surjit Kumar Jyani (BJP)
- 2002 Dr Mohinder Rinwa (INC)
- 1997 Ch.Surjit Kumar Jyani (BJP)
- 1992 Dr Mohinder Rinwa (Independent)
- 1985 Ch.Radha Krishan (BJP)
- 1980 Ch Kanshi Ram (INC)
- 1977 Ch.Kanshi Ram (INC)
Musicians 1. Sh. Krishan Shant
2. Prof. (Dr) Vijay Praveen
3. S. Manjinder Taneja
[edit] Slogans of Fazilka
Most of the residents of Fazilka want from one another[14]
1 Green Fazilka
2 Clean Fazilka
3 Cool Fazilka
4 Encroachment free Fazilka
5 No Roadrage Fazilka
6 Friendly Fazilka
7 Welcome Guest Fazilka
[edit] Flora & Fauna
1 Neem 2 Parrot 3 Sheep 4. Peacock 5. Lotus
[edit] Languages/Dialects of Fazilka Region[15]
Unlike the neibouring tow of Abohar, the Fazilians have ethnic groups hailing from Southern Punjab, Rajasthan, Malwa, Sahiwal with their own specific dialects, yet they opt for Punjabi.
It is interesting to know about the crucible that is Fazilka where theses dialects merge into Theth Punjabi. The major dialects are
1. Sahaiwali / Lehndi (spoken by Rai Sikhs, Kambojas and migrants from Sahiwal (Pakistan) 2. Mahajani spoken by migrants from deep Sindh and Southern Punjab 3. Malwai spoken by settlers from erstwhile Faridkot state 4. Bagri spoken by rural settlers fro Haryana 5. Rajasthani spoken by business families from Bikaner and Alwar region 6. Theth Punjabi spoken by migrants from Majha and Doaba and many other versions
[edit] Dances of Fazilka Region[16]
Fazilka is famous due to the widely propagated style of jhummar dance by the late Baba Pokhar Singh (1916-2002). Pokhar Singh's family had migrated from the Montgomery district of Western Punjab, and they claim to represent the "Ravi" style of jhummar. However, the region they settled in (i.e. Fazilka) had its own style of jhummar (which they refer to as the "Satluj" style). Therefore, at least two regional styles were mixed in every day life, and in his jhummar routine (which was basically the same each time, and which the family and friends still perform today) Pokhar identified several other regional actions.
[edit] Pinds/ Farm Villages[17]
Complete List of Village/Habitation of Fazilka Border Block (Village Population in Brackets) Abhun (1806), Ahal Bodla (1319), Aliana (2162), Almshah (1292), Arni wala Shekh Subhan (7565), Asf Wala (785), Awa Urf Waryampura (946), Badha (1323), Bakhu Shah (505), Bana Wala (2467), Banwala Hanwanta (1428), Bandiwala (850), Began Wali (1838), Behak Khas (3828),bodi wala pitha (2685), Chak Babwala (1596), Chak Ban wala (747), Chak Khio wall (1839), Chak Ruhela (826), Challan wali (1860), Choharian Wall (1601), Chuari Wala Chisti (1917), Dab Wala Kallan (3678), Dippan wali (2332), Dippulana (2312), Dona Sakindari (157), Gagan ke (560), Ganjbakash Sani (0), Ganjuana (1783), Ghalian Wali Bodla (1539), Gharianai (86), Ghatian Wali Jattan (1695), Ghrumi (415), Ghurka (1389), Gulam Rasul Wala (986 ), Gulshah (0), Hasta Kallan (5820), Hiran Wali (1450), Islam Wala (2764), Jand Wala Kharta (1701), Jandwala Bhime Shah (2809), Jhnnger (0), Jhotian wali (4041), Jiwanpura (0), Jore Jad urf Chimne wala (1093), Jorke Ande Wali (921), Jorki Kankarwali (1205), Kabulshah Hithar (1395), Kamal Wala (2916), Kand wala Hazrkhan (2977), Kander Ke (0), Karian (1425), Karni Khera (3244), Kawan Wali (1076), Khan Wala (932), Kikkar Wala Roopa (412), Killi (90), Koharian wali (2472), Kokhar (0), Korian wali (5315), Kotha urf Lukmanpur (1422), Lalan Wali (2449), Mahatam Nagar (1651), Mahuana Bodla (3150), Mambeke (858), Miani Basti (1358), Mohar Jamsher (629), Mohar Khiva (1499), Mohar Sona urf Nakike (492), Muazzam (3376), Muhammad Amira (296 ), Muhammad Islam (0), Muhammad Usman (0), Muhammed Pire (1252), Mullia wali (2196), Muthian wali (1849), Naulan (759), Nur Muhammad (210), Ojan Wall (2174), Oudian (1108), Pacca Chisti (1909), Pakkan (2665), Panchan wali (761), Patti Puran (395), Qader Bakhsh (504), Qutabdin Urf Bery Wala (215), Ram Nagar Urf Jattwali (686 ), Rampura (975), Rana (2138), Rehela Teje Ka (698), Saido Ke Uttar urf Chander (1261), Sajrana (3842), Salemshah (2150), Saudi ke Hithar (1209), Shama Khan Ka (2132), Singhpura (1354), Sultanpura 14 10.00 (14), Suresh Wala (3059), Tahli Wala Bodla (3121), Tahli Wala Jattan (2179), Tehkalander (924)
[edit] Modes of Transportation
[edit] Railways
The first railway line through the town was setup in year 1898 on the occasion of the Diamond Jubilee of the accession of Queen Victoria. Fazilka was connected by railway to McLeodganj (now in Pakistan and renamed Mandi Sadiqganj) on the route to Bahawalnagar and then to Bahawalpur. Fazilka was connected by railway also to Amruka (now in Pakistan) through Chaanwala. The tracks from Fazilka to McLeod Ganj from Fazilka to Chaanwala are now closed, perhaps uprooted.
Fazilka railway station is connected to Ferozepur and Bhatinda junctions of Northern Railways. A new railway line to Abohar is being constructed and will shorten the distance to Bikaner by over 100 km.
[edit] Roads
National Highway 10 passes through Fazilka and connects to Delhi via Hissar and Rohtak. State highway Fazilka-Ferozepur. State highway Fazilka-Malout.
[edit] Airports
Amritsar International Airport and Ludhiana Domestic Airport serves Fazilka.
[edit] Maps
[edit] Demographics & Geography
As of 2001 India census,[18] Fazilka had a population of 67,424. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Fazilka has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 62%. In Fazilka, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Location: Latitude: 20.25N Longitude: 74.04E
District Ferozepur
State: Punjab (INDIA)
PIN Code: 152123
STD Code: 01638
Urban Population: 70,000 ( Appox.)
Height above mean sea level :177.185 m
Climate Winter (December 21) : 2oC (minimum)
Summer (May 21) : 45oC (maximum)
Potable water: Deep tube wells
Rainfall : 723.9 mm(Annual)
Air pollution : Nil
[edit] References
- ^ Mr Davinder Aggarwal and Mr Navdeep Asija
- ^ Picture by Navdeep Asija (C)
- ^ http://www.navdeepasija.blogspot.com/, Navdeep Asija, 2008
- ^ Mr. Davinder Aggarwal
- ^ Independent talk to senior people by Davinder Kumar Aggarwal (davinder2002@yahoo.com)
- ^ Navdeep Asija
- ^ Fazilka Rocks: First Short Movie on Fazilka : "Ek Bangla Bane Nyaraa"
- ^ Navdeep Asija, 2008
- ^ Navdeep Asija, 2008
- ^ Dr Bhupinder Singh and Mr Davinder Aggarwal, 2006
- ^ Lecture Delivered By Dr. Bhupinder Singh at Rotary Club Fazilka "FAZILKA-THE TOWN AND PEOPLE"
- ^ Mr Davinder Aggarwal
- ^ Election Commission of India, http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2002/pollupd/ac/states/S19/index_fs.htm
- ^ Mr Davinder Aggarwal
- ^ Dr. Bhupinder Singh, Fazilka Voices, Newsletter of GWAF
- ^ Dr. Nahar Singh's, 1988, Panjaabi Lok-Naach: Sabhiaachaarak Bhoomika te Saarthakta ["Punjabi Folk-Dance: Cultural Role and Significance"], Lokgit Prakashan, Translated, with editorial remarks, by Gibb Schreffler (2003). http://www.uweb.ucsb.edu/~hcritz/dholpages/jhummarweb1.html
- ^ Border Area Development Programme and Census of India, 2001
- ^ Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns. (Provisional). Census Commission of India. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
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