Farkle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the dice game. For information on the motorcycling term, see Motorcycle farkle.

Farkle or Farkel is a dice game that has also been called Zonk, Zilch, 5000, 10000, Wimp Out, Hot Dice, Buzzball, Oh Crap, Quack, and Greed^[1]. Its origins as a folk game are unknown, but it has been marketed since 1996 under the brand name Pocket Farkel^[2]. While the basic rules are well-established, there is a wide range of variation in both scoring and play, as described below^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]}.

Contents 1 Equipment 2 Play 3 Standard Farkle Scoring 4 Scoring Variations 5 Play Variations 6 Farkle Probabilities 7 Effects of Scoring Variations 8 Related Games 9 References

[edit] Equipment

• Dice (6)
• Sheet of paper for keeping score
• A cup for shaking the Dice (optional)
• A flat surface onto which the dice are thrown
• A writing utensil

[edit] Play

Farkle is played by two or more players, with each player in succession having a turn at throwing the dice. Each player's turn results in a score, and the scores for each player accumulate to some winning total (usually 10,000).

• At the beginning of each turn, the player throws all six six-sided dice.
• After each throw, one or more scoring dice must be set aside (see sections on scoring below).
• The player may then either end their turn and bank the score accumulated so far, or continue to throw the remaining dice.
• If the player has scored all six dice, they have "hot dice" and may continue their turn with a new throw of all six dice, adding to the score they have already accumulated.
• If none of the dice score in any given throw, the player has "farkled" and all points for that turn are lost.
• At the end of the player's turn, the dice are handed to the next player in succession (usually in clockwise rotation), and they have their turn.

Once a player has achieved a winning point total, each other player has one last turn to score enough points to surpass that high-score.

[edit] Standard Farkle Scoring

The following scores for single dice or combinations of dice are widely established, in that they are common to all or nearly all of the above-cited descriptions of farkle scoring.

Dice Combination	Score
Each 1	100
Each 5	50
Three 1's	1000
Three 2's	200
Three 3's	300
Three 4's	400
Three 5's	500
Three 6's	600

For example, if a player throws 1-2-3-3-3-5, they could do any of the following:

• score three 3's as 300 and then throw the remaining three dice
• score the single 1 as 100 and then throw the remaining five dice
• score the single 5 as 50 and then throw the remaining five dice
• score three 3's, the single 1, and the single 5 for a total of 450 and then throw the remaining die
• score three 3's, the single 1, and the single 5 for a total of 450 and stop, banking 450 points in that turn

This is not an exhaustive list of plays based on that throw, but it covers the most likely ones. If the player continues throwing, as in any of the above cases except the last, they risk farkling and thus losing all accumulated points. On the other hand, if they score five dice and have only one die to throw, they have a 1 in 3 chance of scoring a single 1 or a single 5, and then having scored all six dice they will have "hot dice" and can throw all six dice again to further increase their score.

Each scoring combination must be achieved in a single throw. For example, if a player has already set aside two individual 1's and then throws a third with the four dice remaining, they do not have a triplet of 1's for a score of 1000 but merely three individual 1's for a score of 300.

[edit] Scoring Variations

Since farkle is a folk game, variant rules are used in different playing communities. While the standard rules described above are widely used, even they are not universal. For example, the commercially marketed game of Pocket Farkel differs in that three 1's are scored as 300 rather than 1000^[2]. In addition, some players score one or more combinations of dice beyond the standard ones. Those variations include the following.

• Three pair (e.g., 1-1-4-4-6-6) is scored as 500, 600, 750, or 1500.
• A straight (1-2-3-4-5-6) is scored as 1000, 1500, or 2500.
• Four of a kind is scored as 1000 or 2000, or 2X the value of the corresponding three of a kind (e.g., 2-2-2-2 scores 400 and 5-5-5-5 scores 1000).
• Five of a kind is scored as 2000 or 4000, or 3X or 4X the value of the corresponding three of a kind (e.g., 2-2-2-2-2 scores 600 or 800, and 5-5-5-5-5 scores 1500 or 2000).
• Six of a kind is scored as 3000, 6000, or 10000; or 4X or 8X the value of the corresponding three of a kind (e.g., 2-2-2-2-2-2 scores 800 or 1600, and 5-5-5-5-5-5 scores 2000 or 4000).
• Two triplets (e.g., 2-2-2-5-5-5) is scored as 2500.

Like the standard combinations, any of these variant combinations must be achieved in a single throw.

These are the variations listed in the above-cited descriptions of farkle scoring, but further variations presumably exist. Since it is a folk game, players are free to agree upon whatever scores they choose for whatever combinations they choose to recognize.

[edit] Play Variations

Some farkle rules also incorporate one or more of the following variations in the sequence of play.

• The first player to throw can be selected based on an initial throw of one die, with the highest die starting first.
• Players may be required to achieve a certain threshold score in their opening turn or turns, before they can begin scoring. Thresholds of 350, 400, 500, or 1000 are used. At the beginning of a game, each player must continue throwing in their turn until they either farkle or reach the threshold. After having reached the threshold once, they are free to stop throwing in subsequent turns whenever they choose.
• Play is almost always to 10000, but can be to 20000.
• Players may be required to make at least one additional throw when they have hot dice, even if they have accumulated a high enough score that they would choose not to risk farkling.
• Three farkles in a row can result in a deduction of 1000 points from the player's score.
• In a variant described as "piggybacking" or "high-stakes", each player after the first can choose to begin their turn either with a fresh set of six dice, or by throwing the dice remaining after the previous player has completed their turn. For example, if a player banks three 1's for a score of 1000, the next player may choose to roll the remaining three dice. If they score at least one die, they score 1000 plus whatever additional score they accumulate. Players may thus assume the greater risk of farkling for the chance of scoring the points already accumulated by the player before them.

[edit] Farkle Probabilities

Following are the probabilities of scoring combinations in the initial throw of six dice.

Dice Combination	Probability
Three of a kind	1 in 3.1
Four of a kind	1 in 21
Five of a kind	1 in 259
Six of a kind	1 in 7776
Three pair	1 in 26
Straight	1 in 65
Two triplets	1 in 78

For the most part, less probable combinations are scored higher than more probable combinations (see Scoring Variations).

Following are the probabilities of scoring combinations in subsequent throws of the dice.

Dice Combination	Five Dice Left	Four Dice Left	Three Dice Left
Three of a kind	1 in 5	1 in 11	1 in 36
Four of a kind	1 in 52	1 in 216	N/A
Five of a kind	1 in 1296	N/A	N/A

Following are the probabilities of farkling if all variant scoring combinations are allowed, depending on the number of dice thrown.

Dice Thrown	Probability
6	1 in 42
5	1 in 13
4	1 in 6.35
3	1 in 3.6
2	1 in 2.25
1	2 in 3

Three-pair is the only scoring variation that alters the likelihood of farkling, and only on the initial throw of six dice. If three pairs are not scored, the probability of farkling on the initial throw increases to 1 in 32.

Following are the probabilities of making hot dice in a single throw if all variant scoring combinations are allowed, depending on the number of dice thrown.

Dice Thrown	Probability
6	1 in 12
5	1 in 32
4	1 in 25
3	1 in 18
2	1 in 9
1	1 in 3

If no variant scoring combinations are allowed, the probabilities of making hot dice are decreased only slightly for 4-6 dice thrown, and unchanged for 1-3 dice thrown.

Most of the above probabilities are of course rounded off.

[edit] Effects of Scoring Variations

Scoring additional combinations such as straights and three pairs increases the speed of play by awarding high scores for low probability events that otherwise would score little or nothing (for example, a straight with standard scoring is worth only 150 for the single 1 and single 5). To assess the impact of scoring variations, the following table shows the average score on the initial throw of six dice, assuming that all scoring dice are banked and ignoring any additional scores that would be made on a re-roll of hot dice. The first row shows the average score with standard scoring, and the other rows show the increment in that average for each scoring variant that is used in play.

The numbers in the table are calculated based on the following scores for variant combinations:

• Four of a kind scores three times the score of the corresponding triplet.
• Five of a kind scores five times the score of the corresponding triplet.
• Six of a kind scores ten times the score of the corresponding triplet.
• A straight scores 2500.
• Three pair scores 1500.

Scoring Combination	Average Score on Initial Throw
Standard scoring	302
Four of a kind	+47
Five of a kind	+8
Six of a kind	+0.6
Straight	+37
Three pair	+52
Total (all combinations)	446.6

The impact of four or five of a kind is substantially similar if they are scored as 1000 and 2000, respectively. If lower scores are awarded for straights or three pairs, the impact on average scoring will be proportionately lower.

The above table somewhat overstates the impact of straight and three pair on overall speed of play, as they only score on the initial throw of six dice.

[edit] Related Games

• Zonk
• Cosmic Wimpout
• Yahtzee
• 10000
• Sierra Games includes a version of Farkle, called Zilch, in one of their Hoyle series of games.
• Bowman Games has a version of Farkle called Fill or Bust! that incorporates cards as well; players gain bonuses listed on cards if they "fill" all available dice, and deal with specialty cards as well.
• Gammonsoft has a version of Farkle for the Mac called Absolute Farkle.

[edit] References