Factor XIII

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Factor XIII crosslinks fibrin
Factor XIII crosslinks fibrin
coagulation factor XIII, A1 polypeptide
Identifiers
Symbol F13A1
Alt. Symbols F13A
Entrez 2162
HUGO 3531
OMIM 134570
RefSeq NM_000129
UniProt P00488
Other data
Locus Chr. 6 p24.2-p23
coagulation factor XIII, B polypeptide
Identifiers
Symbol F13B
Entrez 2165
HUGO 3534
OMIM 134580
RefSeq NM_001994
UniProt P05160
Other data
Locus Chr. 1 q31-q32.1

Factor XIII or fibrin stabilizing factor is an enzyme (EC 2.3.2.13) of the blood coagulation system that crosslinks fibrin. When thrombin has converted fibrinogen to fibrin, the latter forms a proteinaceous network in which every E-unit is crosslinked to only one D-unit. Factor XIII is activated by thrombin into factor XIIIa; its activation into Factor XIIIa requires calcium as a cofactor.

FXIII is known also as Laki-Lorand factor, after the scientists who first proposed its existence in 1948.[1] A 2005 conference recommended standardization of nomenclature.[2]

Contents

[edit] Genetics

Zymogene factor XIII is a 320000 Mr glycoprotein tetramer consisting of twice two subunits (2 A and 2 B),[2] the genes for which are on different chromosomes:

  • A subunit (6p25-p24). The transglutaminase part; this adds an alkyl group to the nitrogen on a glutamine residue, which binds in turn with a lysine on the other chain. The molecular weight of the A chain is approximately 83000.
  • B subunit (1q31-q32.1). This has no clear enzymatic activity, and may serve as a carrier for the A subunit. The molecular weight of the B chain is approximately 76500.

[edit] Physiology

Typical concentrations of FXIII in plasma is 10 μg/ml (2A2B heterodimer), while the concentration of free B chain is 22 μg/ml. FXIII has a long half life, ranging from 5-9 days. It is present in plasma, platelets, and monocytes, as well as macrophages and bone marrow precursors of these cell types.[2]

A clot that has not been stabilized by FXIIIa is soluble in 5 mol/L urea, while a stabilized clot is resistant to this phenomenon.[1]

[edit] Diagnostic use

Factor XIII levels are not measured routinely, but may be considered in patients with an unexplained bleeding tendency. As the enzyme is quite specific for monocytes and macrophages, determination of the presence of factor XIII may be used to identify and classify malignant diseases involving these cells.[2]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Laki K, Lorand L. On the solubility of fibrin clots. Science 1948;108:280.
  2. ^ a b c d "Factor XIII: recommended terms and abbreviations." . J Thromb Haemost. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.02182.x. PMID 16938124. 

[edit] External links

v • d • e
Proteins: coagulation
Coagulation factors
primary hemostasis: vWF

intrinsic pathway: HMWK/Bradykinin - Kallikrein - Hageman / FXII - FXI - FIX - FVIII

extrinsic pathway: Tissue factor / FIII - FVII

common pathway: FX - FV - (Pro)thrombin / FII, Fibrin / FI - FXIII
Inhibitors
Fibrinolysis
v • d • e
Transferases: acyltransferases (EC 2.3)
2.3.1: other than amino-acyl groups
(mostly acetyltransferases)
2.3.2 - Aminoacyltransferases
2.3.3 - converted into alkyl on transfer