Extradosed bridge
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| Extradosed Bridge | |
|---|---|
| Extradosed Bridge | |
| Ancestor: | Box girder bridge, Cable-stayed bridge |
| Related: | Low-Tower Cable-Stayed |
| Descendant: | none |
| Carries: | Pedestrians, vehicles, light rail, heavy rail |
| Span range: | Medium |
| Material: | Concrete |
| Movable: | No |
| Design effort: | High |
| Falsework required: | no |
An extradosed bridge employs a structure that is frequently described as a cross between a girder bridge and a cable-stayed bridge.
This description is somewhat deceptive, since many cable-stayed bridges have some sort of box-girder deck. The difference is one of degrees.
A typical cable-stay bridge has a tower with a height above the deck at least half the span to the next support, since the cables are the vertical support and must come at a relatively high angle.
In an extradosed bridge, the deck is directly supported by resting on part of the tower, so that in close proximity to the tower the deck can act as a continuous beam. The cables from a lower tower intersect with the deck only further out, and at a lower angle, so that their tension acts more to compress the bridge deck horizontally than to support it vertically. Thus the cable stays act as prestressing cables for a concrete deck, whether made with I-beam girders or a box girder. The deck of an extradosed bridge can be thinner than that of a comparable span-beam bridge, but must be thicker than that of a conventional cable-stayed bridge of comparable span.
Given its intermediate design, it is unsurprising that extradosed bridges are relatively expensive and material inefficient. Almost any span that could be bridged by an extradosed bridge could be spanned more inexpensively with a continuous girder, or more efficiently (but at even greater cost) with a cable-stayed. In most cases the spans are short enough that the use of cables at all is an aesthetic rather than engineering-necessitated choice. This does not imply that is a "bad" choice, since in some cases the difference in cost and efficiency is small, and the extradosed type is a very elegant form.
It is debatable whether an "extradosed" type even exists; several notable designs amount to extradosed bridges, but have never been described as other than "cable-stayed". For example, Christian Menn built two notable bridges in Switzerland that fit the extradosed description: Ganter Bridge and Sunniberg Bridge. They are consistently described as "hollow box cable-stayed" or "low-tower cable-stayed". Only one bridge in the United States uses the extradosed moniker; this is the Pearl Harbor Memorial Bridge in Connecticut, currently under construction. The term appears to be more popular in East Asia and Latin America. It is still a very rare form, with Structurae listing only 36 entries, with more than half either in planning or construction rather than completed and in use.
[edit] India's first extradosed bridge
India's first extradosed bridge has been built by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation for the New Delhi Mass Rapid Transit System between Pragati Maidan and Indraprastha over Indian Railways tracks. This bridge is 196.3 metres long, with the main span over the railway lines 93 metres long. In addition, the bridge has a 302-metre radius curvature and the main span has been kept long to allow for future expansion of Indian Railways lines. This bridge is being designed and managed by French consultant, Systra. Prior to this the first such bridge was constructed in Japan.
[edit] Extradosed bridges in Canada
The North Arm Bridge, used by the upcoming Canada Line connecting Vancouver with its suburb of Richmond over the Fraser River is billed as North America's first extradosed bridge[1]. The Golden Ears Bridge, also crossing the Fraser but between the municipalities of Maple Ridge and Langley, is set to be the longest extradosed bridge in North America upon its completion[2]. Both bridges are scheduled for completion in 2009.
