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Rutgers University
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Motto: Sol iustitiae et occidentem illustra
(Sun of righteousness, shine upon the West also.)
Established: November 10, 1766
Type: Public, research university
Endowment: $496,292,000 (USD)[1]
President: Richard L. McCormick
Faculty: 2,661[2]
Undergraduates: 37,072[2]
Postgraduates: 12,944[2]
Location: New Brunswick/Piscataway
Camden
Newark, New Jersey, USA
Campus: Urban
Athletics: 27 sports teams
Colors: Scarlet
Nickname: Old Queen's
Mascot: Scarlet Knight (New Brunswick)
Scarlet Raptor (Camden)
Scarlet Raider (Newark)
Affiliations: Association of American Universities,
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools,
Big East Conference
Website: http://www.rutgers.edu/
[[Image:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg -->|Rutgers Block R: Official Spirit Mark]]
"Rutgers" redirects here. For other uses, see Rutgers (disambiguation).

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (also known as Rutgers University), is the largest institution for higher education in the State of New Jersey. The eighth-oldest college established in the United States, Rutgers was originally chartered as Queen's College in 1766. Although it was established as a private institution affiliated with the Dutch Reformed Church, it is now a nonsectarian public university and makes no religious demands on its students. Along with the College of William and Mary, Rutgers is one of only two colonial colleges that later became public universities.

Rutgers was designated the State University of New Jersey by acts of the New Jersey Legislature in 1945 and 1956. The University of Newark merged with Rutgers in 1946, expanding the school to include the current campus in Newark. The College of South Jersey, which became the Camden campus, merged in 1950. The primary campus of Rutgers University is located in New Brunswick and Piscataway, with two smaller campuses in Newark and Camden.

The flagship of New Jersey's state university system, Rutgers is ranked among the world's best universities academically and several departments are individually ranked among the best programs in the United States.[3][4] The university offers more than 100 distinct bachelor, 100 master, and 80 doctoral and professional degree programs across 175 academic departments, 29 degree-granting schools and colleges, 16 of which offer graduate programs of study.

Contents

[edit] History

Early nineteenth century drawing of Old Queen's (1809), the oldest building on the Rutgers University campus in New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Early nineteenth century drawing of Old Queen's (1809), the oldest building on the Rutgers University campus in New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Main article: History of Rutgers University

Shortly after the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) was established in 1746, ministers of the Dutch Reformed Church, seeking autonomy in ecclesiastical affairs in the American colonies sought to establish a college to train those who wanted to become ministers within the church. [5][6] Through several years of effort by Rev. Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen (1691–1747) and Rev. Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh (1736–1790), later the college's first president, Queen's College was chartered on 10 November 1766.[5] Established as "the trustees of Queen's College, in New-Jersey" in honor of King George III's Queen-consort, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1744–1818).[6] The charter was signed and the young college was supported by William Franklin (1730–1813), the last Royal Governor of New Jersey and illegitimate son of Benjamin Franklin. The original charter specified the establishment both of the college, and of an institution called the Queen's College Grammar School, intended to be a preparatory school affiliated and governed by the college.[6] This institution, today the Rutgers Preparatory School, was a part of the college community until 1957.[6][7]

The original purpose of Queen's College was to "educate the youth in language, liberal, the divinity, and useful arts and sciences" and for the training of future ministers for the Dutch Reformed Church[8][6][7] The college admitted its first students in 1771—a single sophomore and a handful of first-year students taught by a lone instructor—and granted its first degree in 1774, to Matthew Leydt.[6][7] Despite the religious nature of the early college, the first classes were held at a tavern called the Sign of the Red Lion.[9] When the Revolutionary War broke out and taverns were suspected by the British as being hotbeds of rebel activity, the college abandoned the tavern and held classes in private homes.[6][7]

In its early years, due to a lack of funds, Queen's College was closed for two extended periods. Early trustees considered merging the college with the College of New Jersey, in Princeton (the measure failed by one vote) and later considered relocating to New York City.[6][7]. In 1808, after raising $12,000, the college was temporarily reopened and broke ground on a building of its own, affectionately called "Old Queens" designed by architect John McComb, Jr..[10] The college's third president, the Rev. Ira Condict, laid the cornerstone on April 27, 1809. Shortly after, the New Brunswick Theological Seminary, founded in 1784, relocated from Brooklyn, New York, to New Brunswick, and shared facilities with Queen's College (and the Queen's College Grammar School, as all three institutions were then overseen by the Reformed Church in America.[6][7] During those formative years, all three institutions were fit into Old Queens. In 1830, the Queen's College Grammar School moved across the street, and in 1856, the Seminary relocated to a seven-acre (28,000 m²) tract less than one-half mile (800 m) away.[6][7]

Revolutionary war hero and philanthropist, Colonel Henry Rutgers (1745–1830), early benefactor and namesake of Rutgers University.
Revolutionary war hero and philanthropist, Colonel Henry Rutgers (1745–1830), early benefactor and namesake of Rutgers University.

After several years of closure resulting from an economic depression after the War of 1812, Queen's College repopened in 1825 and was renamed Rutgers College in honour of American Revolutionary War hero Colonel Henry Rutgers (1745–1830). According to the Board of Trustees, Colonel Rutgers was honored because he epitomized Christian values, although it should be noted the Colonel was a wealthy bachelor known for his philanthropy. A year after the school was renamed, it received 2 donations from its namesake: a $200 bell still hanging from the cupola of Old Queen's and a $5,000 bond which placed the college on sound financial footing.[6][7]

Rutgers College became the land-grant college of New Jersey in 1864 under the Morrill Act of 1862, resulting in the establishment of the Rutgers Scientific School, featuring departments of agriculture, engineering, and chemistry.[6][7]. The Rutgers Scientific School would expand over the years to grow into the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (1880) and divide into the College of Engineering (1914) and the College of Agriculture (1921).[6][7] Shortly after, Rutgers created several new divisions, the College of Pharmacy (1892), New Jersey College for Women (1918), and the School of Education (1924).[6][7] With the development of graduate education, and the continued expansion of the isntitution, Rutgers College was renamed Rutgers University in 1924.[7] Later, University College (1945), founded to serve part-time, commuting students and Livingston College (1969), emphasizing the urban experience, were created.[6][7]

Rutgers was designated the State University of New Jersey by acts of the New Jersey Legislature in 1945 and 1956.[11] Shortly after, the University of Newark (1935) was merged with Rutgers in 1946, as was the College of South Jersey in 1950, and these two institutions were transformed into Rutgers University's campuses in Newark and Camden. In light of the civil rights and women's movements of the 1960s, Rutgers, along with many of the older American institutions (including Princeton and Yale) became co-educational. On September 10, 1970, after much debate, the Board of Governors voted to admit women into the previously all-male Rutgers College.[6][7]

Prior to 1982, the faculties at Rutgers were split among separate residential colleges and departments, which posed significant disparaties between programs at the undergraduate level. In 1982, under president Edward J. Bloustein, the faculties were centralized. The last aspects of this will be finalized in 2007, when the several of the undergraduate residential colleges are scheduled to be merged into a School of Arts and Sciences which will allow Rutgers to drive forward with one set of admissions criteria, curriculum and graduation requirements where previously there were several disparate, confusing and often contrary standards. Currently, New Jersey Governor Jon Corzine has expressed interest in reviving a plan to merge Rutgers University with New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) and the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), a plan which has received support from Rutgers University president Richard L. McCormick.

[edit] Organization

[edit] Campuses

The University of Newark was established in 1935 in Newark, New Jersey and later merged with Rutgers University in 1946.
The University of Newark was established in 1935 in Newark, New Jersey and later merged with Rutgers University in 1946.
Main article: Rutgers-Newark
Main article: Rutgers-Camden

Rutgers University has three campuses across the state of New Jersey, with its main campus located in New Brunswick and Piscataway, and two smaller campuses in the cities of Newark and Camden. These campuses are comprised of 29 degree-granting schools and colleges, offering undergraduate, graduate and professional levels of study. The university is centrally administered from New Brunswick, although Provosts at the Newark and Camden campuses hold significant autonomy for some academic issues.

The New Brunswick-Piscataway Campus or the main campus, is spread across six municipalities in Middlesex County, New Jersey, chiefly centered in New Brunswick and Piscataway townships (but with small portions in Edison, East Brunswick and North Brunswick townships, and the Borough of Highland Park). It consists of 16 undergraduate, graduate and professional schools, including: Cook College, Douglass College, Livingston College, Rutgers College, University College, Graduate College, College of Nursing, Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Graduate School of Education, Mason Gross School of the Arts, Rutgers Business School, School of Communication, Information and Library Studies, School of Engineering, School of Management and Labor Relations, School of Social Work. As of 2006, 26,713 undergraduates and 7,736 graduate students (total 34,449) are enrolled at the New Brunswick-Piscataway campus.[2]

Initially, several of the undergraduate residential colleges (Rutgers, Cook, Douglass, Livingston and University Colleges) on the New Brunswick-Piscataway campus were designed to be autonomous, possessing their own faculties, curricula, and admissions requirements. In 1982, a move by the administration to decentralize the faculty, while heavily protested, was successful.[7] However, the redundancy of bureaucracies and differing graduation and admissions requirements that remained between the residential colleges was identified as the source of much red tape and confusion.[12]

In Autumn 2007, Douglass, Livingston, Rutgers, and University Colleges will be merged into an entity to be known as the School of Arts and Sciences. Cook College will become the School of Environmental and Biological Sciences. These changes, recommended by a 2005 task force report, will subject all undergraduates to the same admission and graduation requirements, and impose a universal core curriculum.[13] Douglass College, an all-female residential college, which was established out of the New Jersey College for Women, will provide special academic and cocurricular programs for female students.[14]

The Newark campus (or Rutgers-Newark), consists of 8 undergraduate, graduate and professional schools, including: Newark College of Arts and Sciences, University College, Graduate School, College of Nursing, Rutgers Business School, School of Criminal Justice, School of Law and School of Public Affairs and Administration. As of 2006, 6,513 undergraduates and 3,733 graduate students (total 10,246) are enrolled at the Newark campus.[2]

Winter at Old Queens, the oldest building at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, built between 1808-1825. Old Queens currently houses much of the Rutgers University administration.
Winter at Old Queens, the oldest building at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, built between 1808-1825. Old Queens currently houses much of the Rutgers University administration.

The Camden campus (or Rutgers-Camden) consists of five undergraduate, graduate and professional schools, including: Camden College of Arts and Sciences, University College, Graduate School, School of Business, School of Law. As of 2006, 3,846 undergraduates and 1,475 graduate students (total 5,321) are enrolled at the Camden campus.[2]

[edit] Governance

Governance at Rutgers University rests with a Board of Trustees consisting currently of 59 members, and a Board of Governors consisting of 11 members: six appointed by the Governor of New Jersey and five chosen by the Board of Trustees.[15][16][17] The trustees constitute chiefly an advisory body to the Board of Governors, and are responsible as the fiduciary overseers of the property and assets of the University that existed before the institution became the State University of New Jersey in 1945. Initially, the reluctance of the trustees (still acting as a private corporate body) to cede control of certain business affairs to the state government for direction and oversight caused the state to establish the Board of Governors in 1956.[18] Today, the Board of Governors maintains much of the corporate control of the University.

The members of the Board of Trustees are combined from the following representation: "Two faculty and two students are elected by the University Senate as nonvoting representatives. The 59 voting members are chosen in the following way as mandated by state law: 28 charter members (of whom at least three shall be women), 20 alumni members nominated by the Nominating Committee of the Board of Trustees, and five public members appointed by the governor of the state with confirmation by the New Jersey State Senate. The six members of the Board of Governors appointed by the governor also serve as members of the Board of Trustees. Of the 28 charter seats, three are reserved for students with full voting rights."[19]

The president of Rutgers University, chosen by the Trustees and Governors, sits as an ex-officio member of both governing boards and does not possess a vote. The President of Rutgers University is Richard Levis McCormick.

[edit] Academics

[edit] Profile

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey is a leading national research university and is unique as the only university in the nation that is a colonial chartered college (1766), a land-grant institution (1864), and a state university (1945/1956).[20] Rutgers is accredited by the Commission on Higher Education of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools (1921), and in 1989, became a member of the Association of American Universities, an organization comprised of the 62 leading research universities in North America.[21]

In their book, The Public Ivies: America's Flagship Public Universities, Howard and Matthew W. Greene list Rutgers University as a "Public Ivy", a selection of public universities at which they assert a student can receive an Ivy League education at a fraction of the price.[22]

[edit] Admissions and financial aid

U.S. News & World Report considers the New Brunswick-Piscataway campus of Rutgers University to be a "more selective" school in terms of the rigour of its admissions processes.[23] 61% of undergraduate applicants are accepted. In comparison, 62% of applicants to nearby Pennsylvania State University (for the University Park campus) and 47% of applicants to the University of Delaware are accepted. Average ranges for the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores of enrolling students at Rutgers range from 530-630 on the verbal section and 560-670 mathematics section. When compared to similar universities located nearby, Pennsylvania State University average ranges span from 530-630 on the verbal section and 570-670 on the math section, and the University of Delaware's student body average range is 550-640 verbal and 560-660 math.[24]

Rutgers offers more than 100 masters and 80 doctoral and professional degree programs to 12,203 graduate students on the New Brunswick, Newark, and Camden campuses. In New Brunswick, 7,299 students are pursuing advanced degrees within the Faculty of Arts and Sciences or at Schools of Arts, Engineering, Pharmacy, Education, Planning and Public Policy, Psychology, Communication, Information and Library Studies, Management and Labor Relations, or Social Work. In Newark, 3,484 are studying within the Faculty of Arts and Sciences or at Schools of Nursing, Management, Criminal Justice and Law. In Camden, 1,420 students are pursuing degrees within the Faculty of Arts and Sciences or at Schools of Business or Law.[15]

As a state university, Rutgers charges two separate rates for tuition and fees depending on whether an enrolled student is a resident of the State of New Jersey (in-state) or not (out-of-state). The Office of Institutional Research and Academic Planning estimates that costs in-state student of attending Rutgers would amount to $18,899 for an undergraduate living on-campus and $22,395 for a graduate student. For an out-of-state student, the costs rise to $26,497 and $27,476 respectively.[2]

Undergraduate students at Rutgers, though a combination of federal (50%), state (22%), university (22%) and private (6%) scholarship, loans, and grants, received $291,956,597 of financial aid in the 2004/2005 academic year. Of 37,429 undergraduate students at Rutgers, 30,398 (or 81.2%) receive financial aid. During the same period, 73.2%, or 9,604 graduate students out of a population of 13,124, received assistance in the total of $121,269,211 in financial aid sourced chiefly from federal (33%) and university (65%) funds.[2]

[edit] Faculty

Prof. Selman A. Waksman (B.Sc. 1915), who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for developing 22 antibiotics—most notably Streptomycin—in his laboratory at Rutgers University.
Prof. Selman A. Waksman (B.Sc. 1915), who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for developing 22 antibiotics—most notably Streptomycin—in his laboratory at Rutgers University.
Main article: List of Rutgers University people

For the August 2005 to May 2006 academic year. Rutgers University had 2,261 full-time and part-time academic faculty members.[2] Among Rutgers notable former professors are John Ciardi, George H. Cook, Michael Curtis, Ralph Ellison, Paul Fussell, Francis Fergusson, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Mason W. Gross, Leonid Khachiyan, David Levering Lewis, Roy Lichtenstein, George Segal and Selman Waksman. During his 20 year tenure at Rutgers, David Levering Lewis (b. 1936), a professor in the Department of History was twice awarded the Pultizer Prize for Biography or Autobiography (1994 and 2001) for both volumes of his biography of W.E.B. DuBois (1868-1963) and was also the winner of the Bancroft and Parkman prizes.

Five Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Rutgers as either faculty or students (Milton Friedman, Toni Morrison, David A. Morse, Heinrich Rohrer and Selman Waksman).

Many members of the faculty at Rutgers have achieved top honors in their disciplines, including Michael R. Douglas, a prominent string theorist and the director of the New High Energy Theory Center and winner of the Sackler Prize in theoretical physics in 2000. Jerry Fodor, a professor of Philosophy and Cognitive Science since 1988, was awarded the Jean Nicod Prize.

[edit] Rankings

Many Rutgers departments are nationally and internationally recognized for important scholarly contributions and the quality of education received by students at undergraduate and graduate levels.

Eleven of Rutgers' graduate departments are ranked by the National Research Council in the top 25 among all universities: Philosophy (13th), Geography (13th), Statistics (17th), English (17th), Mathematics (19th), Art History (20th), Physics (20th), History (20th) Comparative Literature (22nd), French (22nd), and Materials Science Engineering (25th).[25]

The Philosophy Department ranked first in 2002-04 tied with New York University and Princeton University, and second in 2004-06 just behind NYU and just ahead of Princeton and Oxford, in the Philosophical Gourmet's biennial report on undergraduate- and graduate-level Philosophy programs in the English-speaking world.[26][27] Other programs that are well regarded, are Rutgers' English,[28] History,[29] Mathematics,[30] and Physics departments.[31]

In the 2006 U.S. News & World Report ranking of American national universities, Rutgers is ranked as the third best public university in the Northeast and the 60th best school in the United States.[32] According to U.S. News & World Report, in the top 25 among all universities: Library Science (6th), Drama/Theater (12th), Mathematics (16th), English (18th), History (19th, with the subspecialty of African-American History ranked 4th and Women’s History ranked 1st), Applied Mathematics (21st) and Physics (24th).[15] Also in the 2006 U.S. News & World Report ranking of Computer Science Ph.D. programs, Rutgers was ranked 29th.[33]

Rutgers University was ranked 43rd worldwide and 35th within the United States in the 2005 survey entitled Academic Ranking of World Universities by Shanghai Jiao Tong University of the world's best universities, comparing universities by multiple numerical criteria, including faculty publications in peer-reviewed journals, the number of faculty and alumni with such honours as the Nobel Prizes, Fields Medals, and other awards.[34] According to the Washington Monthly's 2006 rankings, Rutgers ranks 53rd in the United States.[35] The Top American Research Universities an annual statistical report by The Center at the University of Florida ranks Rutgers 39th.[36]

Rutgers Business School is ranked 39th in the Wall Street Journal's Regional Ranking of Top Business Schools. This is the first time RBS is ranked by WSJ. The regional ranking is based on how recruiters rated each school on 21 attributes, their future plans to recruit there, and the number of respondents who had recruited there recently. The schools on this list draw many of their recruiters from the local region.[37]


The University http://www.rutgersclubdc.org/facts.shtml


Rutgers is the state’s flagship institution of higher education with 29 degree-granting colleges and schools on campuses in Camden, Newark, and New Brunswick, and extension offices and activities in all 21 counties.

Rutgers has a three-fold mission of teaching and learning, research and discovery, and community service and engagement.

Through 175 academic departments, Rutgers offers over 100 bachelors, 100 masters, and 70 doctoral and professional degree programs.

The university comprises 6,407 acres, 863 buildings, and 18 branch libraries.

Rutgers confers approximately 10,000 degrees annually.

The university has over 130 specialized research centers, bureaus, and institutes.

The $100 million RUNet program links 500 academic and residential buildings, and 97% of the residential students on three campuses in a high-speed data, video and voice network.

Rutgers faculty, students, and staff comprise a networked community of more than 60,000 – the equivalent of a small city.

Rutgers ranks 9th among U.S. universities in supercomputing systems.

The National Research Council ranks 16 Rutgers doctoral programs among the top third nationally.

Rutgers continuing education programs enroll more than 35,000 annually.

There are more than 310,000 Rutgers alumni; approximately 60% reside in New Jersey.

Student Body


Total enrollment is approximately 50,000; more than 38,000 are undergraduates.

For the class that entered in the Fall 2000, Rutgers received 28,684 applications for undergraduate admission, exceeding the FY99 all-time high by more than 2,000. University-wide applications for fall 2001, including graduate students and transfers, totaled 42,152.

Half of Rutgers students rank in the top 20% of their high school graduating class.

Sixty percent of Rutgers classes have fewer than 30 students.

Eighty-six percent of Rutgers students are from the state of New Jersey.

Minority students comprise 32% of the total student body, 6th among public AAU institutions.

U.S. News & World Report has rated Rutgers-Newark as the most diverse campus among national universities for the past four years.

First-year minority enrollment grew by 40% and Rutgers ranks 6th among public AAU institutions in baccalaureate degrees granted to minorities

Rutgers ranks second nationally in the number of bachelor’s degrees conferred upon African-Americans by a predominantly non-minority school.

Since 1989, more than 12,000 students have contributed more than 678,000 hours of service valued at $3.75 million through the Rutgers Citizenship and Service Education program.

During fiscal year 2000, 65% of undergraduates received some form of financial assistance.

Undergraduates receive more than $184 million in federal and state grants, loans, work-study jobs, and university scholarships.



The Faculty


Of Rutgers more than 2,500 full-time faculty; 98% hold a Ph.D. or equivalent degree.

Student to faculty ratio across the university is 14-1.

During the last decade, Rutgers memberships in National Academies rose from 19 to 26.

Rutgers is 9th among public AAU institutions in full-time minority faculty; ranks 8th in the percentage of female faculty and 3rd in the percentage of African American faculty.

Rutgers faculty have created 48 spinoff companies, including 35 in New Jersey.

Eighty-one percent of the Rutgers faculty’s proposals for external research and training grants and contracts were funded.


[edit] Libraries and museums

The Rutgers University library system consists of 26 libraries and centers located on the University's three campuses, housing a collection of over 10.5 million holdings, including 3,522,359 volumes, 4,517,726 microforms, 2,544,126 documents, and subscriptions to 42,875 periodicals, and ranking among the nation's top research libraries.[38] The American Library Association ranks the Rutgers University Library system as the 44th largest library in the United States in terms of volumes held.[39]

The Archibald S. Alexander Library, in New Brunswick, houses several million volumes focusing on an extensive humanities and social science collection. The Library of Science and Medicine on the Busch Campus in Piscataway houses the University's collection in behavioral, biological, earth, and pharmaceutical sciences and engineering. On the New Brunswick-Piscataway campus, in addition to Alexander Library, many individual disciplines have their own libraries, including alcohol studies, art history, Chemistry, Mathematical studies, Music, and Physics. Special Collections and University Archives houses the Sinclair New Jersey Collection, manuscript collection, and rare book collection, as well as the University Archives. Although located in the Alexander Library building, Special Collections and University Archives actually comprises a distinct unit unto itself. Located within the Alexander Library is the East Asian Library which holds a sizable collection of Chinese, Japanese and Korean monographs and periodicals. In Newark, the John Cotton Dana Library (which also houses the Institute of Jazz Studies) and the Robeson Library in Camden, serve their respective campuses with a broad collection of volumes.

Rutgers oversees several museums and collections that are open to the public, including the Jane Voorhees Zimmerli Art Museum, on the College Avenue Campus in New Brunswick, maintains a collection of over 50,000 works of art, focusing on Russian and Soviet art, French 19th-century art and American 19th- and 20th-century art with a concentration on early-20th-century and contemporary prints.[40] The Rutgers University Geology Museum—located in Geology Hall next to the Old Queens Building—features exhibits on geology and anthropology, with an emphasis on the natural history of New Jersey. The largest exhibits include a dinosaur trackway from Towaco, New Jersey; a mastodon from Salem County; and a Ptolomaic era Egyptian mummy.[41] On the campus of Cook College, the New Jersey Museum of Agriculture houses an extensive collection of agricultural, scientific and household tools that spans 350 years of New Jersey's history. The bulk of the collection rests on the 8,000-item Wabun C. Krueger Collection of Agricultural, Household, and Scientific Artifacts, and over 30,000 glass negatives and historic photographs.[42] Also located on the Cook College campus is Rutgers Gardens, which features 50 acres (20 hectares) of horticultural, display, and botanical gardens, as well as arboretums.[43]

[edit] Research

Rutgers has had a long history of innovation and discovery.

It was at Rutgers that Selman Waksman (1888-1973) discovered several antibiotics, including actinomycin, clavacin, streptothricin, grisein, neomycin, fradicin, candicidin, candidin, and others. Waksman, along with graduate student Albert Schatz (1920-2005), discovered streptomycin—a versatile antibiotic that was to be the first applied to cure tuberculosis. For this discovery, Waksman received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1952.

Rutgers continues to be on the frontlines of science and innovation, and has given birth to discoveries and inventions such as water-soluble sustained release polymers, Tetraploids, robotic hands, artificial bovine insemination, and development of the ceramic tiles for the heat shield on the Space Shuttle. In health related field, Rutgers has the Environmental & Occupational Health Science Institute (EOHSI).

Rutgers is home to the Rutgers Cooperative Research & Extension office, which is run by the Agricultural and Experiment Station with the support of local government. The institution provides research & education to the local farming and agro industrial community in 19 of the 21 counties of the state.

[edit] Student Life

[edit] Atmosphere

Rutgers University's three campuses are located in culturally-diverse, redeveloping urban areas (Newark, Camden, and New Brunswick) with an ease of access to New York City and Philadelphia by either automobile, Amtrak or New Jersey Transit.

US News & World Report ranked Rutgers-Newark the most diverse university campus in the United States.[44]

Because the area of Rutgers' New Brunswick-Piscataway campus—which is comprised of several constituent colleges and professional schools—is sprawled across six municipalities), the individual campuses are connected by an inter-campus bus system.

[edit] Traditions

Main article: Traditions at Rutgers University

The alma mater of Rutgers University is the song entitled On the Banks of the Old Raritan, written by Howard Fullerton (Class of 1874) in 1873.[7] It is often sung at University occasions, including concerts of the Rutgers University Glee Club, at Convocation and Commencement exercises, and especially at the conclusion of athletic events. The university's fight song is The Bells Must Ring, which features the school's spirit chant: "R-U Rah Rah, R-U Rah Rah, Hoo-rah! Hoo-Rah Rutgers Rah! Upstream Red Team, Red Team Upstream, Rah Rah Rutgers Rah!."

Scarlet was made the official school color of Rutgers University in 1900. Initially, students sought to make orange the school color, citing Rutgers' Dutch heritage and in reference to the Prince of Orange. The Daily Targum first proposed that scarlet be adopted in May 1869, claiming that it was a striking color and because scarlet ribbon was easily obtained. During the first intercollegiate football game with Princeton on 6 November 1869, the players from Rutgers wore scarlet-colored turbans and handkerchiefs to distinguish them as a team from the Princeton players.[45] The current mascot is the Scarlet Knight. In its early days, Rutgers athletes were known as "Queensmen" in reference to the institution's first name, Queen's College. However, in 1925, the mascot was changed to Chanticleer, a fighting rooster from the medieval fable Reynard the Fox (Le Roman de Renart) which was used by Geoffrey Chaucer's in the Canterbury Tales. However, this mascot was often the subject of ridicule because of its association with "being chicken." In 1955, the mascot was changed to the Scarlet Knight after a campus-wide election.[45] The names (and mascots) of the athletic teams at Rutgers-Newark and Rutgers-Camden are the "Scarlet Raiders" and the "Scarlet Raptors," respectively.

Rutgers' motto, Sol iustitiae et occidentem illustra (translated as "Sun of righteousness, shine upon the West also") is derived from the motto of the University of Utrecht in The Netherlands, which is Sol Iustitiae Illustra Nos (translated as "Sun of Justice, shine upon us"). It is a reference to the biblical texts of Malachi 4:2 and Matthew 13:43.[46] This motto appears in the University's seal (pictured above), which is also derived from that of the University of Utrecht, and depicts a multi-pointed sun.[47]

At Commencement exercises in the Spring, tradition leads undergraduates to break clay pipes over the Class of 1877 Cannon monument in front of Old Queens, symbolizing the breaking of ties with the college, and leaving behind the good times of one's undergraduate years. This symbolic gesture dates back to when pipe-smoking was fashionable among undergraduates, and many college memories were of evenings of pipe smoking and revelry with friends. During commencement exercises, graduating seniors walk in academic procession under the Class of 1902 Memorial Gateway (erected in 1904) on Hamilton Street leading to the Voorhees Mall where the ceremonies are held for Rutgers College. Traditionally, students are warned to avoid walking beneath the gate before commencement over a superstition that one who does will not graduate.

[edit] Activities

Main article: Rutgers University student organizations
Main article: Rutgers University Greek organizations

Rutgers hosts over 700 student organizations, covering a wide range of interests. Governed by the Student Activities Council, and funded by student fees disbursed by student government associations, students can organize groups for practically any political ideology or issue, ethnic or religious affiliation, academic subject, activity, or hobby. Notable student groups include the Daily Targum, the second-oldest collegiate newspapers in the United States, established in 1869. In its storied history, both Joyce Kilmer and Milton Friedman were editors. Also included are the Rutgers Centurion, a conservative newspaper, the Rutgers University Glee Club, a male choral singing group established in 1872 among the oldest in the country, as well as the Rutgers University Debate Union.

Rutgers University is home to chapters of many Greek organizations, and a significant percentage of the undergraduate student body is active in Greek life. Several fraternities and sororities maintain houses for their chapters in the area of Union Street (known familiarly as "Frat Row") in New Brunswick, within blocks of Rutgers' College Avenue Campus. Chapters of Zeta Psi and Delta Phi organized at Rutgers as early as 1845. There are over 50 fraternities and sororities on the New Brunswick-Piscataway campus, ranging from traditional to historically African-American, Hispanic, Multicultural, and Asian-interest organizations.[48] Greek organizations are governed by the Office of Fraternity and Sorority Affairs. Twelve organizations maintain chapters in New Brunswick without sanction by the University's administration.[49]

[edit] Residential life

Rutgers University offers a variety of housing options. On the New Brunswick-Piscataway campus, students are given the option of on-campus housing in both traditional dorms or apartments. Despite some overcrowding, any student seeking on-campus housing will usually be accommodated with a space. Many Rutgers students opt to rent apartments or houses off-campus within the city of New Brunswick. Similar setups are to be found in Rutgers-Newark and Rutgers-Camden, however a large portion of those campuses are comprised of students who commute, and are enrolled on a part-time basis.

[edit] Alumni

Image:Milton Friedman.jpg
Milton Friedman (A.B. 1932), who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1976 for his work in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy.
Main article: List of Rutgers University people

Since 1774, when the entire graduating class consisted of one student, Matthew Leydt, there have been over 350,000 graduates, or alumni, of Rutgers University. Many are active through organizations, including the Rutgers Alumni Association, founded in 1831, annual Reunions and Homecomings, and other events. Information about Rutgers graduates, most of which is submitted by the graduates themselves, is available in Rutgers Magazine an alumni publication published quarterly. Rutgers alumni are often known as "Loyal Sons", a term of affection dating from the days when Rutgers offered admission only to men. This term, since the dawn of coeducation has been extended to include Rutgers' "Loyal Daughters".

Rutgers alumni are noted for their accomplishments in public, professional, and corporate life. Three graduates were awarded the Nobel Prize: Selman A. Waksman (A.B. 1915) in Medicine, Milton Friedman (A.B. 1932) in Economics, and David A. Morse (A.B. 1929), Director-General of the International Labour Organization, who won the Peace Prize in 1969. In the United States, numerous congressmen, agency directors, and Cabinet members, including Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (A.B. 1836), former Secretary of State (1881-1885) and Senator (1866–1869, 1871–1877) Hazel O'Leary (J.D. 19??), former Secretary of Energy (1993-1997), Louis Freeh (B.A. 1971), former Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (1993-2001), Garret A. Hobart (A.B. 1863), Vice President (1897-1899) and Clifford P. Case (A.B. 1925) who served in the House of Representatives (1945–1953) and Senate (1955–1979). Among the first students enrolled at Rutgers (when it was Queen's College), Simeon DeWitt (A.B. 1776) became the Surveyor-General for the Continental Army (1776-1783) during the American Revolution and later for the State of New York (1784-1834), and classmate James Schureman (A.B. 1775), served in the Continental Congress and as a United States Senator. After receiving an education at Rutgers, Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri was appointed Minister of Communications in South Africa (1999 - ), James J. Florio (J.D. 1967), Richard Hughes (J.D. 1931), Foster M. Voorhees (A.B. 1876) and Dr. William A. Newell (A.B. 1933) served as Governor of New Jersey, and Joseph P. Bradley (A.B. 1836), sat as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1870-1891) and cast the tie-breaking vote on the bipartisan commission that decided the contested American presidential election in 1876. Also of note are several Rutgers alumni who served in uniform, Rev. Clark V. Poling (A.B. 1933), who was one of the Four Chaplains killed on the USAT Dorchester, poet Joyce Kilmer (Class of 1908, did not graduate), famous for his poem "Trees" who died in World War I, and Jack H. Jacobs (B.A. 1966, M.A. 1972), who received the Congressional Medal of Honor and is currently a military analyst for MSNBC.

Alumni have founded or headed businesses, including Robert Kriendler (A.B. 1936), owner of the 21 Club in New York City, Leonor F. Loree (A.B. 1877), President of the Pennsylvania Railroad, Bernard Marcus (B.S. 1951), Founder of the Home Depot, Ernest Mario (B.S. 1961), former Chief Executive Officer of GlaxoSmithKline, Duncan McMillan (B.S. 1966), co-founder of Bloomberg, Ltd., and Barry Schuler (B.A. 1976), former Chairman and CEO of AmericaOnline (AOL).

Graduates of Rutgers have gone on to make advances in medicine, mathematics and science, most notably Selman A. Waksman (B.S. 1915), who discovered 22 antibiotics including Streptomycin and was awarded the Nobel Prize, but also including Peter C. Schultz (B.S. 1967), co-inventor of fiber optics, geneticist Stanley N. Cohen (B.S. 1956) who pioneered in the field of gene splicing, Louis Gluck (B.S. 1930) who is considered the father of neonatology, developing the science of caring for newborn infants, Nathan M. Newmark (B.S. 1948) who invented the Newmark-beta method of numerical integration and won the National Medal of Science, and Matthew Golombek (B.S. 1976) who was the project scientist in charge of NASA's Pathfinder mission to Mars.

Graduates of Rutgers have gone off to careers as novelists and poets, Robert Pinsky (B.A. 1962), a winner of the Pulitzer Prize in Poetry]] who was appointed Poet Laureate of the United States by President Clinton. Janet Evanovich (B.A. 1965) is a best-selling author of trade fiction and Michael Shaara (A.B. 1951) is author of The Killer Angels and other historical fiction and was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. The news has been reported by several journalists with Rutgers degrees, including include Martin Agronsky (A.B. 1936), Samuel Blackman (A.B. 1927), Jerry Izenberg (A.B. 1952) who received an Emmy for his sports journalism, and author Richard Newcomb (B.A. 1962), who was acclaimed for his work as a naval correspondent during the Vietnam War. Alumnus Richard Aregood (B.A. 1965) won the Pulitzer Prize. Historians have included Richard P. McCormick (A.B. 1938, M.A. 1940), expert in early American politics and colonial history, African-American historian and linguist John McWhorter (B.A. 1985), and Roy Franklin Nichols (A.B. 1918), who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize. Rutgers also graduated two noted modern sculptors, George Segal (M.A. 1963) and Alice Aycock (B.A. 1968). Many notable buildings in Boston (the Copley Plaza Hotel), and New York City including the The Dakota, Plaza Hotel, the Waldorf and Astoria Hotels (demolished in 1929 to make way for the Empire State Building) as well as several of the oldest on the Rutgers University campus in New Brunswick, have been designed by architect Henry Janeway Hardenburgh (A.B. 1871).

Rutgers alumni have entertained Americans on the silver screen as well as the small screen. James Gandolfini (B.A. 1983) is most famous for his role as Tony Soprano on The Sopranos, Oswald "Ozzie" Nelson (B.A. 1927) is fondly remembered for his portrayal on The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet. The Food Network has rocketed Chef and Restauranteur Mario Batali (B.A. 1982) into America's homes, as well as Avery Brooks (B.A. 1973), Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Adult film actress Asia Carrera (B.A. 1995), Kristin Davis (B.F.A. 1987), who played "Charlotte" on Sex and the City and stage and screen actress Calista Flockhart (B.F.A. 1988) noted for her roles in The Birdcage and Ally McBeal. Rutgers graduates have included television journalists including Natalie Morales (B.S. 1994) of The Today Show and Mike Taibbi (B.S. 1971) from NBC Nightly News.

In athletics, graduates of Rutgers have won Olympic gold medals, been inducted into sports halls of fame, and led numerous teams as general managers and coaches including including Jeff Torborg (B.A. 1963), Eddie Jordan (B.A. 1977), Head Coach of the Washington Wizards, Sonny Werblin (A.B. 1932), founder of the New York Jets, and David Stern (B.A. 1963), Commissioner of the National Basketball Association.

Last, but not least, Mr. Magoo (degree and class unknown), a loveable cartoon character from the 1950s and 1960s, was among the proudest of Rutgers' "Loyal Sons.S

[edit] Athletics

Main article: Athletics at Rutgers University
Main article: History of Rutgers University
The Rutgers College football team in 1882.
The Rutgers College football team in 1882.

Rutgers was among the first American institutions to engage in intercollegiate athletics, and participated in a small circle of schools that included Yale University, Columbia University and long-time rival, Princeton University. At first, the circle of schools that participated in these athletic events were located solely in the American Northeast, but by the turn of the century, schools across the United States would participate.

The first intercollegiate athletic event at Rutgers was baseball game on 2 May 1866 against the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) in which they suffered a 40-2 loss.[7] Rutgers University is often referred to as The Birthplace of College Football. Rutgers and Princeton played the first intercollegiate football game on 6 November 1869 in New Brunswick, New Jersey on a plot of ground where the present-day College Avenue Gymnasium now stands. Rutgers won the game, with a score of 6 runs to Princeton's 4.[7][50][45] According to Parke Davis, the 1869 Rutgers football team shared the national title with Princeton.[51]

In light of the schools beginning to engage in athletic games in the 1860s, these four schools met at the Fifth Avenue Hotel in Manhattan on 19 October 1873 to establish a set of rules governing their intercollegiate competition, and particularly to codify the new game of football. Though invited, Harvard chose not to attend.[52][53]

The first intercollegiate competition in Ultimate Frisbee (now called simply "Ultimate") was held between students from Rutgers and Princeton on November 6, 1972 to mark the one hundred third anniversary of the first intercollegiate football game. Rutgers won 29-27.[54]

The Rutgers Men's Basketball Team was among the "Final Four" and ended the 1976 season ranked fourth in the United States, after an 86-70 loss against the University of Michigan in the semifinals, and a 106-92 loss against UCLA in the consolation round of the 1976 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament.[55]

On the sidelines at the Rutgers vs. University of New Hampshire football game played on 11 September 2004 at Rutgers Stadium in Piscataway, New Jersey.
On the sidelines at the Rutgers vs. University of New Hampshire football game played on 11 September 2004 at Rutgers Stadium in Piscataway, New Jersey.

Since 1991, Rutgers is a member of the Big East Conference, a collegiate athletic conference consisting of 16 colleges and universities from the East Coast and Midwestern regions of the United States. The Big East Conference is a member of the Bowl Championship Series. Rutgers currently fields 27 intercollegiate sports programs and is a Division I-A school as sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The Rutgers-Newark and Rutgers-Camden campuses compete within NCAA Division III. Rutgers fields thirty teams in NCAA Division I-A sanctioned sports, including Football, Baseball, Basketball, Crew, Cross Country, Fencing, Field Hockey, Golf, Gymnastics, Lacrosse, Soccer, Softball, Tennis, Track and Field, Swimming and Diving, Wrestling, Volleyball.[56]

Since joining the Big East, the Scarlet Knights have won two conference tournament titles: men's soccer (1997) and baseball (2000). Several other teams have won regular season titles but failed to win the conference's championship tournament.[57] Most recently, the Rutgers Scarlet Knights' football team has achieved success on the gridiron after several years of losing seasons, being invited to the Insight Bowl on 27 December 2005 in which they lost 45 to 40 against Arizona State University's Wildcats,[58] This was Rutgers' first bowl appearance since the 16 December 1978 loss against Arizona State, 34-18, at the Garden State Bowl.

The 2006 football season also saw Rutgers being ranked within the Top 25 teams in major college football polls. After the 9 November 2006 victory over the #3 ranked, undefeated Louisville Cardinals, Rutgers jumped up to seventh in the AP Poll, eighth in the USA Today/Coaches poll, seventh in the Harris Interactive Poll, and sixth in the Bowl Championship Series rankings. This was Rutgers' highest rankings in the football polls since they were ranked fifteenth in 1961. Rutgers ended the season 11-2 after winning the inaugural Texas Bowl on 28 December 2006, defeating the Wildcats of Kansas State University with a score of 37 to 10.

Rutgers maintains athletic rivalries with other collegiate institutions. The university has a historic rivalry with Princeton University and Columbia University (formerly King's College) originating from the early days of college football. While they maintain this rivalry in other sports, neither of them have met in football since 1980. Rutgers has a Baskeball rivalry with Seton Hall University, and has developed a growing rivalry with the University of Connecticut.

[edit] Trivia

  • The first college newspaper in the United States of America, The Political Intelligencer and New Jersey Adviser began publication at Queen's College in 1783, and ceased operation in 1785.[7] The university's current college newspaper, The Daily Targum, established in 1869, is the second-oldest college newspaper currently published in the United States, after The Dartmouth (1843).

[edit] Points of interest

[edit] See also

[edit] References

[edit] Notes and Citations

  1. ^ National Association of College and University Business Officers 2005 NACUBO Endowment Study, accessed 31 August 2006.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i 2005-2006 Factbook. Rutgers University. Retrieved on 2006-08-12.
  3. ^ Top 500 World Universities (2005). Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Accessed 29 December 2006.
  4. ^ "Athletic success highlights academic quality, boosts pride: Spotlight on Rutgers offers chance to tout all-around excellence" in Focus: The Faculty and Staff Publication at Rutgers. 13 December 2006. Accessed 29 December 2006.
  5. ^ a b And then there was Rutgers... in The Daily Targum 8 November 2002, accessed 12 August 2006.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p A Historical Sketch of Rutgers University by Thomas J. Frusciano, University Archivist, accessed 12 August 2006.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Rutgers Through the Years Timeline at Rutgers University, accessed 12 August 2006.
  8. ^ A Charter for Queen's College in New Jersey (1770) in Special Collections and University Archives, Archibald S. Alexander Library, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
  9. ^ Rutgers College and the American Revolution, accessed July 12, 2006
  10. ^ Paths to Historic Rutgers: A Self-Guided Tour, at Rutgers University, accessed 9 August 2006.
  11. ^ N.J.S.A. 18A:65-1 et seq. (Public Law 1956, chapter 61) repealing and succeeding P.L. 1945, c.49, p.115. accessed 8 August 2006.
  12. ^ Transforming Undergraduate Education accessed 10 September 2006.
  13. ^ Transforming Undergraduate Education accessed 10 September 2006.
  14. ^ "A Matter of Degrees" from Rutgers Magazine accessed 10 September 2006.
  15. ^ a b c Commission on Health Science, Education and Training: Rutgers Targeted Assesment accessed 15 August 2006.
  16. ^ Rutgers: Members of the Board of Trustees accessed 15 August 2006.
  17. ^ Rutgers:Members of the Board of Governors accessed 15 August 2006.
  18. ^ "A View from the Inside" (an interview with Dr. Richard P. McCormick) by Thomas J. Frusciano in Rutgers Magazine" (Winter 2006), accessed 16 August 2006.
  19. ^ Rutgers:Governing Boards of the University accessed 15 August 2006.
  20. ^ Note: Rutgers is the only one of the original nine colonial colleges to satisfy all three categories. Seven of the colonial colleges remained private institutions. Of the two that became state institutions, Rutgers and College of William and Mary, only Rutgers was named a land-grant college.
  21. ^ Association of American Universities, AAU, Retrieved on 2006-08-06
  22. ^ Greene, Howard and Greene, Mathew W. The Public Ivies: America's Flagship Public Universities (New York: HarperCollins, 2001). ISBN 0-06-093459-X
  23. ^ America's Best Colleges 2007 from U.S. News and World Report, accessed 22 October 2006.
  24. ^ CollegeBoard.com college comparison, accessed 22 October 2006.
  25. ^ National Research Council: 1995 National Research Council ranking of Graduate Research Programs. (most recent edition)
  26. ^ The Philosophical Gourmet Report accessed 15 August 2006.
  27. ^ "Philosophy Department rated number one" by Steve Manas, article from 18 November 2002, accessed 15 August 2006.
  28. ^ UCSB website citing 2001 U.S. News & World Report Data, accessed 15 August 2006.
  29. ^ UVA website citing April 1, 2005 U.S. News & World Report data and rankings, accessed 15 August 2006.
  30. ^ St. Olaf College webpage citing 1998 U.S. News & World Report data and rankings, accessed 15 August 2006.
  31. ^ SUNY Stony Brook webpage citing Nov./Dec. 1998 issue of Science Watch and other data, accessed 15 August 2006.
  32. ^ America's Best Colleges 2006, U.S. News & World Report, accessed May 4, 2006
  33. ^ George Mason University webpage
  34. ^ Top 500 World Universities. Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Accessed on 15 August 2006.
  35. ^ Washington Monthly 2006 American College Rankings
  36. ^ The Top American Research Universities accessed 21 October 2006.
  37. ^ Rutger Business School News Accessed 2006-11-12.
  38. ^ Rutgers University Libraries: Library Facts & Figures accessed 8 August 2006.
  39. ^ ALA:The Nation's Largest Libraries accessed 15 August 2006.
  40. ^ Zimmerli Art Museum: Collections accessed 8 August 2006.
  41. ^ Rutgers University Geology Museum accessed 8 August 2006.
  42. ^ New Jersey Museum of Agriculture accessed 14 August 2006.
  43. ^ Rutgers Gardens: A Message from the Director accessed 10 September 2006.
  44. ^ [1] from U.S. News & World Report accessed 9 September 2006
  45. ^ a b c Tradition at www.scarletknights.com (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University). Accessed 10 September 2006.
  46. ^ King James Bible, Book of Malachi, Chapter 4 verse 2: "But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun of righteousness arise with healing in his wings; and ye shall go forth, and grow up as calves of the stall." and King James Bible, Gospel According to St. Matthew, Chapter 13, verse 43: "Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun in the kingdom of their Father. Who hath ears to hear, let him hear."
  47. ^ Presidential Inauguration: Inauguration Pageantry and Color accessed 9 September 2006.
  48. ^ Office of Fraternity and Sorority Affairs at Rutgers University, accessed 9 September 2006.
  49. ^ Registered Fraternities and Sororities Office of Fraternity and Sorority Affairs, Rutgers University, accessed 9 September 2006.
  50. ^ NFL History at the National Football League website, accessed 10 September 2006.
  51. ^ College Football Past National Championships at the National Collegiate Athletic Association website, accessed 29 December 2006.
  52. ^ [www.britannica.com/ebi/print?tocId=201027&fullArticle=false Encyclopedia Brittanica] accessed 10 September 2006.
  53. ^ A History of American Football until 1889 accessed 10 September 2006.
  54. ^ "Discography" from Failure Magazine, accessed 4 August 2006.
  55. ^ 1976 NCAA Division I Basketball Tournament at shrpsports.com, accessed 29 December 2006.
  56. ^ Rutgers Athletics, accessed September 24, 2006
  57. ^ Big East Championship Records published by the Big East Athletic Conference, accessed 8 August 2006.
  58. ^ Insight Bowl - December 27, 2005, accessed September 24, 2006

[edit] Books and printed materials

Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
  • Demarest, William Henry Steele. History of Rutgers College: 1776-1924. (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers College, 1924). (No ISBN)
  • History of Rutgers College: or an account of the union of Rutgers College, and the Theological Seminary of the General Synod of the Reformed Dutch Church. Prepared and published at the request of several trustees of the College, by a trustee. (New York: Anderson & Smith, 1833). (No ISBN)
  • Lukac, George J. (ed.), Aloud to Alma Mater. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1966), 70-73. (No ISBN)
  • McCormick, Richard P. Rutgers: a Bicentennial History. (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1966). ISBN 0-8135-0521-6
  • Schmidt, George P. Princeton and Rutgers: The Two Colonial Colleges of New Jersey. (Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand, 1964). (No ISBN)

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