Euphorbia canariensis

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Euphorbia canariensis
Canary Island Spurge
Canary Island Spurge
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Rosidae
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily: Euphorbioideae
Tribe: Euphorbieae
Subtribe: Euphorbiinae
Genus: Euphorbia
Species: E. canariensis
Binomial name
Euphorbia canariensis
L.[1]
Synonyms

Euphorbia canariensis Forssk.
Euphorbia canariensis Thunb.
Euphorbia canariensis Tremaut[2]
Tithymalus quadrangularis Kigg[3]

Euphorbia canariensis, commonly known as the Canary Island Spurge or as Hercules Club to horticulturalists[4] is a succulent member of the family Euphorbiaceae and genus Euphorbia[1] that grows natively in the arid and humid environment of the lowest areas in the Canary Islands which it is also endemic to.[5]

Contents

[edit] Description

Canary Island Spurge is a small tree, growing to 3 metres (9.8 ft) to 4 metres (13 ft) high. Fleshy quadrangular or pentagonal trunks that are like a cactus. The leaves grow in clusters of three or four and have 'turned into spines' 5 millimetres (0.20 in) to 14 millimetres (0.55 in) long. Reddish-green flowers.[5] Hardy to −2 °C (30 °F).[6]

The latex which contains diterpenes[7] is considered highly toxic.[8]

[edit] Distribution

Found on the narrow coastal belt, from sea level to 0 metres (0 ft) to 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) in the Canary Islands.[8]

[edit] Subspecies which are synonyms

[9]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (1998-10-29). Taxon: Euphorbia canariensis L. (HTML). Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved on 2008-03-22.
  2. ^ International Plant Names Index. whole name = Euphorbia canariensis (HTML). Retrieved on 2008-03-22.
  3. ^ Wijnands, D. O. (1983). "Euphorbiaceae", The Botany of the Commelins: A Taxonomical, Nomenclatural, and Historical (HTML), CRC Press. ISBN 9061912628. Retrieved on 2008-03-22. 
  4. ^ Barbara J. Collins, Ph.D. (2007-08-09). Photographs of succulents Euphorbia canariensis 4744 (HTML). Photographs of succulents. California Lutheran University. Retrieved on 2008-03-23.
  5. ^ a b Canary Islands Flora - Arid Habitat (HTML). Retrieved on 2008-03-02.
  6. ^ Thijs de Graaf. engels.htm Euphorbia (HTML). euphorbia engels. Retrieved on 2008-03-23.
  7. ^ Marco, J.A. : Sanz Cervera, J.F. : Yuste, A. (1997 June). "Ingenane and lathyrane diterpenes from the latex of Euphorbia canariensis.". Phytochemistry-Oxford 45 (3): 563–570. Elsevier Science Ltd.. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00018-6. 
  8. ^ a b University of Connecticut (18 March 2008). Euphorbia canariensis L. (HTML). EEB Greenhouse Accession Data. Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Greenhouses. Retrieved on 2008-03-23.
  9. ^ Decandolle, A.P. (1837). "Euphorbia canariensis", Plantarum historia succulentarum = Histoire des plantes grasses (HTML). Retrieved on 2008-03-22. 

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