Eugène Aynsley Goossens
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Sir Eugène Aynsley Goossens (May 26, 1893 – June 13, 1962) was an English conductor and composer.
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[edit] Biography
He was born in Camden Town, London, the son of conductor and violinist Eugène Goossens. He studied music at the age of ten in Bruges, three years later in Liverpool, and in 1907 in London on a scholarship at the Royal College of Music under composer Charles Villiers Stanford and the violinist Achille Rivarde among others. He won the silver medal of the Worshipful Company of Musicians and was made associate of the Royal College of Music.
He was a violinist in Thomas Beecham’s Queen's Hall Orchestra from 1912 to 1915 before coming to attention as Beecham’s assistant conductor with a performance of Stanford's opera The Critic (1916). In 1921 he decided to make conducting his career and founded his own orchestra. He gave the British concert premiere of Igor Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring on June 7, 1921 at the Queen’s Hall with the composer present.
For nearly a quarter of a century, he accepted positions at U.S. orchestras. At the invitation of George Eastman he was conductor of the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra from 1923 to 1931. This post also involved teaching at the Eastman School of Music. From 1931 to 1946 he succeeded Fritz Reiner as the conductor of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. This was followed by nine years in Australia from 1947 to 1956. He conducted the Sydney Symphony and other groups, and was the director of the NSW State Conservatorium of Music. He held these positions concurrently until March 1956, when he was forced to resign after a major public scandal, only a year after being knighted.
[edit] Scandal
In the early 1950s, Goossens met Rosaleen Norton, the so-called Witch of Kings Cross. Norton was known as an artist of the grotesque and for her interest in the occult and erotica, which Goossens secretly shared. They conducted an intense affair, exchanging a number of passionate letters; although Goossens asked Norton to destroy all of them, she kept a bundle hidden behind a sofa.[1]
In early 1956, Goossens visited Europe, unaware that Sydney police were already in possession of his letters to Norton and photographs of her occult activities, which had been stolen from her flat by Sydney Sun reporter Joe Morris, who had infiltrated her supposed “coven.” When Goossens returned to Australia in March 1956, he was detained at Kingsford Smith Airport in Mascot, New South Wales, following a tip-off by informants in London; his bags were searched by customs officials, who found a large amount of what was then considered pornographic material, which included photographs, prints, books, a spool of film, some rubber masks, and sticks of incense.
Although he was not immediately arrested or charged, Goossens naively agreed to attend a police interview a few days later, where he was confronted with photographs of Norton's "ceremonies" and his letters. Faced with the evidence of his affair with Norton—which left him open to the serious charge of "scandalous conduct"—Goossens was forced to plead guilty to the pornography charges. He paid a fine of 100 pounds; more significantly, the scandal ruined his reputation and forced him to resign from his positions. He returned to England in disgrace.
He was married three times: Dorothy Millar 1919-1928 (with which he had three daughters), Janet Lewis 1930-1944 (two daughters), and Marjorie Foulkrod 1946- (childless). At the end of his life he and his wife lived apart, and he was instead joined by a young pianist from Adelaide, Linda Main. His former student Richard Bonynge visited him near the end of his life, and found him “absolutely destroyed”. Nevertheless, he was engaged for work with the BBC and Everest Records asked Goosens to make some stereo recordings. For Everest he completed a powerful recording of Respighi's Feste Romane just before his death and it was released as the sole selection on the LP.
He died of rheumatic fever and a haemorrhaging gastric ulcer on June 13, 1962 at Hillingdon Hospital in Middlesex. He left his estate including copyrights and royalties to “to my faithful companion and assistant Miss Linda Main”.
[edit] Legacy
Among his works as a composer are two symphonies (1940, 1945), two string quartets, two violin sonatas and a "concertino" for octet among other chamber music. He wrote two operas. Don Juan de Manara was broadcast by the BBC on 11 April 1959 with Monica Sinclair, Marie Collier, Helen Watts, Marion Lowe, Bruce Boyce, Robert Thomas and Andrei McPherson.[2] The performance was conducted by Goossens himself. He wrote an oratorio, "The Apocalypse", after the Revelation of St. John, and a concerto for oboe (1927), written for his brother, Léon Goossens. The concertino, from 1928, also exists in a later arrangement for string orchestra which is sometimes played.
In 1942 Goossens wrote to several composers, including Aaron Copland, to request patriotic fanfares as "stirring and significant contributions to the war effort..." Copland responded to the request with his famous Fanfare for the Common Man. Eighteen fanfares were written by the different composers and performed during the 1942-43 season of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra.[3]
Goossens is credited for much of the lobbying to the NSW Government to build a music performance venue, a process then led to the construction of the Sydney Opera House.
He is commemorated with the Eugène Goossens Hall, a small concert and recording facility that is part of the broadcasting complex of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in Harris Street, Ultimo, in Sydney.
The 1956 scandal was the basis of a novel, Pagan (1990), by Inez Baranay; it also inspired a play, The Devil is a Woman, by Louis Nowra and an opera, Eugène & Roie, by Drew Crawford. The scandal is documented in the film The Fall of the House, directed by Geoff Burton.[citation needed]
[edit] Bibliography
- Goossens, Eugène (1972). Overture and Beginners: A Musical Autobiography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0837155975.
- Baranay, Inez (1990). Pagan. North Ryde, NSW: Angus & Robertson. ISBN 0207166811.
- Rosen, Carole (1994). The Goossens: A Musical Century. London: Andre Deutsch Ltd. ISBN 0233988335.
- Goossens, Eugène (1995). Cincinnati Interludes: A Conductor and His Audience. St. Austell: DGR Books. ISBN 1898343055.
- Hubble, Ava (1998). The Strange Case of Eugène Goossens and Other Tales from The Opera House. Sydney: Collins. ISBN 0732224497.
[edit] References
- ^ Sir Eugène Goossens: sex, magic and the maestro. Interview with Michelle Arrow. Rewind. ABC-TV Australia. 5 Sep 2004. (Interview). Retrieved on 2007-04-25.
- ^ John Phillips. "Eugène Goossens Orchestral Works", MusicWeb International. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
- ^ "The Goossens Fanfares", The Cincinnati Symphony. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
[edit] External links
- Eugène Aynsley Goossens at Allmusic
- Eugène Goossens biography at Boosey & Hawkes
- Eugène Aynsley Goossens was listed in the International Music Score Library Project
- Eugène Goossens in AusStage
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