Etruscan cities

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Etruscan cities flourished over most of Italy during the Roman Iron Age, marking the farthest extent of Etruscan civilization. They were gradually assimilated first by Italics in the south, then by Celts in the north and finally in Etruria itself by the growing Roman Republic.

That many Roman cities were formerly Etruscan was well known to all the Roman authors. The Etruscan names of the major cities in this category survived in inscriptions and are listed below. Some cities were founded by Etruscans in prehistoric times and bore entirely Etruscan names. Others were colonized by Etruscans who Etruscanized the name, usually Italic.

Contents 1 Twelve cities 2 Table of cities in Etruscan, Latin, Italian 3 Notes 4 Bibliography 5 See also 6 External links

[edit] Twelve cities

History is most ample concerning the Dodecapoli, the "twelve cities" of the Etruscan League. They have no completely authoritative roster. George Dennis^[1] summarizes an explanation that:

Where Livy mentions the Twelve Cities, after the fall of Veii (VII.21), it can only mean that the number being a fixed one ... the place of the city that was separated was immediately supplied by another ....

By the time the Etrurian twelve spring into the light of history, the Etruscan cities to the north have been assimilated by invasions of the Celts, and those of the south by infiltration of the Italics. The table below lists Etruscan cities most often included in the Dodecapoli as well as other cities for which there is any substantial evidence that they were once inhabited by Etruscans in any capacity. Roman and Italian names are given, but they are not necessarily etymologically related. Relationships generally tend to be obvious. For sources and etymologies (if any) refer to the linked articles.^[2]

[edit] Table of cities in Etruscan, Latin, Italian

Etruscan Latin Italian Dodecapoli candidates Aret- Arrētium Arezzo Chaire, Chaisrie, Caisra, Cisra Caere, Agylla Cerveteri and its frazione Ceri Clevsin Clusium, Camars Chiusi Curtun Cortōna Cortona Perusna, Persna Perusia Perugia Pupluna, Fufluna Populōnia Populonia Tarchuna, Tarchna Tarquinii Tarquinia, Corneto Vatluna, Vetluna Vetulōnia Vetulonia Veia Veii abandoned Velathri Volaterrae Volterra Velch, Velcal, Velcl Vulci Volci Velzna- Volsinii Bolsena or Orvieto? Other Etrurian[3] Capna Capena Capena Careiae, Careae Galera, now abandoned Cusi Cosa Orbetello Hepa? Heba (Greek name) Magliano (in Toscana) Narce? Narce Mazzano Romano Nepete, Nepet Colonia Nepensis Nepi Rusellae near modern Roselle Terme Saena?, Sena Saena Siena Sveama-, Suana Suana Sovana Statna? Statōnia Poggio Buco Surina, Surna Surriīna Viterbo? Suthri Sutrium Sutri Tlamu Telamōn Talamone (Tular) Tuder Todi Visul, Vipsul Faesulae Fiesole

Etruscan Latin Italian Northern Arimna Ariminum Rimini Atria, Hatria Adria Adria Ceisna Caesena Cesena Felsina Bonōnia Bologna Manthva Mantua Mantua, Mantova Misa? Marzabotto Mutina Mutina Modena Parma Parma Parma Ravena, Ravna Ravenna Ravenna Spina Spina abandoned Southern Acerrae Acerra Capua, Capeva Capua Capua Inarime(?) Pitecusa, Greek Pithekoussai Ischia Irnthi Salernum Salerno Nula, Nuvla Nola Nola Pumpai? Pompeii destroyed Ruma Rōma Roma Suessula abandoned Tuscana, Tuscna Tuscāna Tuscania Corsican Alalia Aleria Aleria

[edit] Notes

[edit] Bibliography

• Bonfante, G.; L. Bonfante (2002). The Etruscan Language. An Introduction. Manchester University Press. 
• Dennis, George (1848). The Cities and Cemetaries of Etruria. London: John Murray.  Available in the Gazeteer of Bill Thayer's Website at [1]

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

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