Estonian University of Life Sciences
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Estonian University of Life Sciences | |
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| Eesti Maaülikool | |
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| Established: | 1632/1951 |
| Rector: | Mait Klaassen |
| Students: | ca. 4,600 |
| Location: | Tartu, Estonia |
| Website: | http://www.emu.ee |
The Estonian University of Life Sciences (EULS; Estonian: Eesti Maaülikool), located in Tartu, Estonia, is the former Estonian Agricultural University, which was renamed and restructured in November 2005.
The EULS is, by its own claim, the only university in Estonia whose priorities in academic and research activities provide the sustainable development of natural resources necessary for the existence of Man as well as the preservation of heritage and habitat.´The EULS is a centre of research and development in such fields as agriculture, forestry, animal science, veterinary science, rural life and economy, food science and environmentally friendly technologies. The university is a member of the BOVA-University network (Baltic Forestry, Veterinary and Agricultural University).
Teaching and research is carried out in five institutes:
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering
- Institute of Technology
- Institute of Economics and Social Sciences.
In 2005, there were ca. 4,600 students at EULS. There were appr. 980 employees, among them 220 lecturers and 161 researchers and senior researchers.
[edit] History
The roots of the EULS are in the agricultural and forestry eductaion and research carried out at the University of Tartu. At the opening celebration of the University in 1632, Johan Skytte, the Swedish chancellor and practical founder of the University, said that wished that "even the peasants of this country could get their share of the watering springs of educational wealth." This statement is taken to be the beginning of agricultural education in Estonia.
After the reopening of Tartu University in 1802, a Chair of Agriculture was founded under Prof. J.W. Krause. Initially agronomy was taught in the Faculty of Philosophy, later in the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. This school was well-known in Europe and Russia. When Tartu opened as an Estonian university in 1919, a Faculty of Agriculture, consisting of the Departments of Agronomy and Forestry, was founded. Experimental stations and trial plots, where students could undertake research work, also belonged to the faculty. A Faculty of Veterinary Science was founded based on the older Tartu Veterinary Institute. These two faculties formed the core of an independent university in 1951, the Estonian Agricultural Academy.
The Estonian Agricultural Academy was directly subordinate to the Soviet Union Ministry of Agriculture and prepared specialists in different fields of agriculture from agronomists and animal breeders to experts in the electrification of large farms. Work continued in this way until the end of the 1980s.
After the regaining of Estonian independence in 1991, the Academy was renamed Estonian Agricultural University, and the institution restructured, also according to the radical changes in Estonian agriculture and forestry (such as the abolishment of Kolchoses and Sovjoses). New specialities like Environmental Protection, Landscape Architecture, Production and Marketing of Agricultural Products, Landscape Protection and Preservation, Applied Hydrobiology, Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Management were adopted.
Up to the end of 2004, the University had six faculties (Agronomy, Agricultural Engineering, Economics & Social Sciences, Forestry, Rural Engineering, and Veterinary Sciences) and eight institutes (Estonian Agribiocentre, Estonian Plant Biotechnology Research Institute EVIKA, Forest Research Institute, Institute of Animal Science, Institute of Environmental Protection, Institute of Experimental Biology, Institute of Zoology and Botany and Polli Institute of Horticulture).
However, the EAU was always in a limbo, not least under the influence of Europeanization after Estonia's joining the European Union in 2005. Thus, the current change and refocusing was carried out, aimed at guaranteeing the institution's survival also in the coming times.
