Portal:Esperanto/Grammar of the month
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[edit] /May 2006
In order to simplify the amount of vocabulary which needs to be learned, Esperanto uses certain affixes, one of them being the simple prefix "mal-", which creates sets of opposites: bona = "good" and malbona = "bad", dekstra = "right" and maldekstra = "left"...
[edit] /June 2006
The nominal (noun) suffix is "-o", so thus viro = man. We can make this into an adjective (describing word) by adding "-a": vira = manly or masculine.
[edit] /July 2006
In Esperanto, a word may be made plural by simply adding "-j" to the end: domo = house, domoj = houses. (Note: In Esperanto, the letter "j" sounds like an English "y", so domoj is pronounced: "DOH-moy".)
[edit] /August 2006
To make a word female, simply add the suffix "-ino" to the root: patro = "father", patrino = "mother".
[edit] /September 2006
Verbs (action words) are very simple to form in Esperanto: the infinitive (basic verb form) is the root + "-i". For example iri = "to go". To form the present tense, switch the "-i" to "-as": mi iras = "I go" or "I am going" (mi = "I"). The same can be done for past and future tenses: mi iris = "I went" and mi iros = "I will go".
[edit] /October 2006
In Esperanto adverbs (words that describe actions) are formed by changing the "-a" of an adjective to an "-e": rapida = "quick, fast", rapide = "quickly" La ĉevalo kuras rapide. = "The horse runs quickly."
[edit] /November 2006
In Esperanto, the direct object of a sentence is marked by adding "-n" to the end of a noun or adjective: la feliĉa infano = "the happy child" La patrino kisis la feliĉan infanon = "The mother kissed the happy child." The direct object ending is also used after plural nouns and adjectives: La kato pelis la timajn musojn = "The cat chased the frightened mice."
[edit] /December 2006
Portal:Esperanto/Grammar of the month/December 2006
