ERVWE1

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Endogenous retroviral family W, env(C7), member 1 (syncytin)
Identifiers
Symbol(s) ERVWE1; Env-W; HERV-7q; HERV-W; HERV-W-ENV; HERVW; env
External IDs OMIM: 604659
Orthologs
Human Mouse
Entrez 30816 n/a
Ensembl ENSG00000197604 n/a
Uniprot Q9UQF0 n/a
Refseq NM_014590 (mRNA)
NP_055405 (protein)		 n/a (mRNA)
n/a (protein)
Location Chr 7: 91.94 - 91.94 Mb n/a
Pubmed search [1] n/a

Endogenous retroviral family W, env(C7), member 1 (syncytin), also known as ERVWE1, is a human gene.[1]

Many different human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) families are expressed in normal placental tissue at high levels, suggesting that HERVs are functionally important in reproduction. This gene is part of an HERV provirus on chromosome 7 that has inactivating mutations in the gag and pol genes. This gene is the envelope glycoprotein gene which appears to have been selectively preserved. The product of this gene, syncytin, is expressed in the placental syncytiotrophoblast and is involved in fusion of the cytotrophoblast cells to form the syncytial layer of the placenta. The protein has the characteristics of a typical retroviral envelope protein, including a furin cleavage site that separates the surface (SU) and transmembrane (TM) proteins which form a heterodimer.[1]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Entrez Gene: ERVWE1 endogenous retroviral family W, env(C7), member 1 (syncytin).

[edit] Further reading

  • Muir A, Lever A, Moffett A (2004). "Expression and functions of human endogenous retroviruses in the placenta: an update.". Placenta 25 Suppl A: S16–25. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2004.01.012. PMID 15033302. 
  • Alliel PM, Périn JP, Pierig R, et al. (1998). "Endogenous retroviruses and multiple sclerosis. II. HERV-7q.". C. R. Acad. Sci. III, Sci. Vie 321 (10): 857–63. PMID 9835022. 
  • Blond JL, Besème F, Duret L, et al. (1999). "Molecular characterization and placental expression of HERV-W, a new human endogenous retrovirus family.". J. Virol. 73 (2): 1175–85. PMID 9882319. 
  • Voisset C, Blancher A, Perron H, et al. (1999). "Phylogeny of a novel family of human endogenous retrovirus sequences, HERV-W, in humans and other primates.". AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 15 (17): 1529–33. doi:10.1089/088922299309810. PMID 10580403. 
  • Mi S, Lee X, Li X, et al. (2000). "Syncytin is a captive retroviral envelope protein involved in human placental morphogenesis.". Nature 403 (6771): 785–9. doi:10.1038/35001608. PMID 10693809. 
  • Blond JL, Lavillette D, Cheynet V, et al. (2000). "An envelope glycoprotein of the human endogenous retrovirus HERV-W is expressed in the human placenta and fuses cells expressing the type D mammalian retrovirus receptor.". J. Virol. 74 (7): 3321–9. PMID 10708449. 
  • Dias Neto E, Correa RG, Verjovski-Almeida S, et al. (2000). "Shotgun sequencing of the human transcriptome with ORF expressed sequence tags.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (7): 3491–6. PMID 10737800. 
  • Voisset C, Bouton O, Bedin F, et al. (2000). "Chromosomal distribution and coding capacity of the human endogenous retrovirus HERV-W family.". AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 16 (8): 731–40. doi:10.1089/088922200308738. PMID 10826480. 
  • An DS, Xie Ym , Chen IS (2001). "Envelope gene of the human endogenous retrovirus HERV-W encodes a functional retrovirus envelope.". J. Virol. 75 (7): 3488–9. doi:10.1128/JVI.75.7.3488-3489.2001. PMID 11238877. 
  • Kim HS, Lee WH (2001). "Human endogenous retrovirus HERV-W family: chromosomal localization, identification, and phylogeny.". AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 17 (7): 643–8. doi:10.1089/088922201300119752. PMID 11375061. 
  • Perron H, Jouvin-Marche E, Michel M, et al. (2001). "Multiple sclerosis retrovirus particles and recombinant envelope trigger an abnormal immune response in vitro, by inducing polyclonal Vbeta16 T-lymphocyte activation.". Virology 287 (2): 321–32. doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1045. PMID 11531410. 
  • Knerr I, Beinder E, Rascher W (2002). "Syncytin, a novel human endogenous retroviral gene in human placenta: evidence for its dysregulation in preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 186 (2): 210–3. PMID 11854637. 
  • Alliel PM, Périn JP, Goudou D, et al. (2002). "The HERV-W/7q family in the human genome. Potential for protein expression and gene regulation.". Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-grand) 48 (2): 213–7. PMID 11990458. 
  • Lavillette D, Marin M, Ruggieri A, et al. (2002). "The envelope glycoprotein of human endogenous retrovirus type W uses a divergent family of amino acid transporters/cell surface receptors.". J. Virol. 76 (13): 6442–52. PMID 12050356. 
  • Kudo Y, Boyd CA (2003). "Changes in expression and function of syncytin and its receptor, amino acid transport system B(0) (ASCT2), in human placental choriocarcinoma BeWo cells during syncytialization.". Placenta 23 (7): 536–41. PMID 12175968. 
  • Yu C, Shen K, Lin M, et al. (2003). "GCMa regulates the syncytin-mediated trophoblastic fusion.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (51): 50062–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209316200. PMID 12397062. 
  • Smallwood A, Papageorghiou A, Nicolaides K, et al. (2004). "Temporal regulation of the expression of syncytin (HERV-W), maternally imprinted PEG10, and SGCE in human placenta.". Biol. Reprod. 69 (1): 286–93. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.102.013078. PMID 12620933. 
  • Ponferrada VG, Mauck BS, Wooley DP (2003). "The envelope glycoprotein of human endogenous retrovirus HERV-W induces cellular resistance to spleen necrosis virus.". Arch. Virol. 148 (4): 659–75. doi:10.1007/s00705-002-0960-x. PMID 12664292. 
  • Frendo JL, Olivier D, Cheynet V, et al. (2003). "Direct involvement of HERV-W Env glycoprotein in human trophoblast cell fusion and differentiation.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (10): 3566–74. PMID 12724415. 
  • Kudo Y, Boyd CA, Sargent IL, Redman CW (2003). "Hypoxia alters expression and function of syncytin and its receptor during trophoblast cell fusion of human placental BeWo cells: implications for impaired trophoblast syncytialisation in pre-eclampsia.". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1638 (1): 63–71. PMID 12757936. 
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