Ernst von Salomon

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Ernst von Salomon (September 25, 1902 - August 9, 1972) was a German writer and Freikorps member.

He was born in Kiel, the son of an army officer. From 1913 he was a cadet in Karlsruhe and Berlin-Lichterfelde; starting in 1919, he joined the Freikorps ("Free-Corps") in the Baltic, where he fought against the Bolsheviki. Later he fought against Polish insurgents in Upper Silesia.

He received a five year prison sentence in 1922 for his part in the assassination of Walther Rathenau — he provided a car for the assassins. In 1927, he received another prison sentence for an attempted feme murder (paramilitary "self-justice"), and was released after a few months - he had not killed the severely wounded victim, Wagner, when he pleaded for his life, which was noted by the court.

After 1933 Salomon opposed Nazism.^{[citation needed]} He earned his living by writing film scripts. His wife, Ille Gotthelft, was Jewish but was protected due to his support. In his autobiography The Answers Of Ernst Von Salomon he described how both were mistreated by American soldiers when they were arrested, and called "Nazi swine".

Salomon was imprisoned by the Americans as POW from 1945–1946. The 1940 colonial film Carl Peters, which Salomon wrote the screenplay for, was forbidden by British occupation authorities, because of allegedly being "anti-English".

In 1951 he published the book Der Fragebogen ("The Questionnaire"), in which he gave his rather ironic answers to the 131 point questionnaire concerning their activities under Nazism. A famous public discussion of the book took place in the main train station of Cologne, organised by bookseller Gerhard Ludwig. This has been seen as "one of the first steps in German post-war education in democracy" by US observers. In his book, Salomon questioned whether the Americans were fit to evaluate Germans concerning democracy while the USA itself was not entirely democratic.

Salomon died in Stoeckte near Winsen.

[edit] Bibliography

Die Geächteten (translated at The Outlaws) (1930), a fictionalized account of Ernst von Salomon's adventures as a Freikorpskämpfer.
Die Stadt (The City) (1932)
Die Kadetten (The Cadets) (1933)
Putsch (Coup d'État)(1933)
Der Fragebogen (The Questionnaire or Answers to the 131 Questions of the Allied Military Government “Fragebogen”) (1951).