User:Erik/Citizen Kane

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Main article: User:Erik/Citizen Kane/Draft

Contents

[edit] Links

Note: Check for articles from 1991, since it was the film's 50th anniversary.

[edit] Bibliography

[edit] Books

  • Bazin, Andre. Orson Welles: A Critical View. Acrobat Books. ISBN 0918226287. 
  • Noble, Peter (1956). The Fabulous Orson Welles. Hutchinson. 
  • Bogdanovich, Peter. The Cinema of Orson Welles. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0306802015. 
  • Kael, Pauline. Citizen Kane Book. Bantam Doubleday Dell. ISBN 0553142739. 
  • Kael, Pauline. Raising Kane and Other Essays. Marion Boyars Publishers Ltd. ISBN 071453014X. 
  • Higham, Charles. The Films of Orson Welles. University of California Press. ISBN 0520015673. 
  • Welles, Orson; Peter Bogdanovich, Jonathan Rosenbaum. This is Orson Welles. Da Capo Press. ISBN 030680834X. 
  • McBride, Joseph. Orson Welles. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0306806746. 
  • Cowie, Peter. A Ribbon of Dreams: The Cinema of Orson Welles. A. S. Barnes. ISBN 0498079988. 
  • Gottesman, Ronald S. Focus on "Citizen Kane". Prentice Hall. ISBN 013134742X. 
  • Naremore, James. The Magic World of Orson Welles. Southern Methodist University Press. ISBN 087074299X. 
  • Kawin, Bruce F. Mindscreen: Bergman, Godard, and First-Person Film. Dalkey Archive Press. ISBN 1564784614. 
  • Wollen, Peter. Readings & Writings: Semiotic Counter-Strategies. Verso. ISBN 086091755X. 
  • Carringer, Robert. The Making of Citizen Kane. University of California Press. ISBN 0520058763. 
  • Higham, Charles. Orson Welles: The Rise and Fall of an American Genius. St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 0312312806. 
  • Leaming, Barbara. Orson Welles: A Biography. Viking Adult. ISBN 0670528951. 
  • in Elisabeth Weis, John Belton: Film Sound: Theory and Practice. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231056370. 
  • Taylor, John Russell. Orson Welles. Applesauce Books. ISBN 1557833494. 
  • Jarvie, Ian. Philosophy of the Film: Epistemology, Ontology, Aesthetics. Routledge. ISBN 0710210167. 
  • Lebo, Harlan. Citizen Kane, The Fiftieth Anniversary Album. Doubleday. ISBN 0385414730. 
  • Mulvey, Laura. Citizen Kane. British Film Institute. ISBN 0851703399. 
  • Piade, Lynne. Citizen Kane. Smithmark Publishers. ISBN 0831745738. 
  • Gottesman, Ronald S. Perspectives on Citizen Kane. G. K. Hall & Company. ISBN 0816116164. 
  • Hauffmann, Stanley. American Film Criticism, from the Beginnings to Citizen Kane. Liveright Publishing. ISBN 0871405571. 

[edit] Journals

  • Altman, Rick (December 1994). "Deep-Focus Sound: Citizen Kane and the Radio Aesthetic". Quarterly Review of Film and Video 15 (3): 1-33.  (saved)
  • Hogue, Peter (November 1991). "The Friends of Kane". Film Comment 27 (3): 22-25.  (saved)
  • Sarris, Andrew (October 1991). "Kane: For and Against". Sight & Sound 1 (6): 20-22.  (saved)
  • Toland, Gregg (August 1991). "Realism for Citizen Kane". American Cinematographer 72 (8): 37-42.  (accessible)
  • Ropars-Wuilleumier, Marie-Claire; Michael C. Pounds (February 1990). "Narration and Signification: A Filmic Example". Quarterly Review of Film and Video 11 (4): 7-20.  (saved)
  • Cohen, Hubert (Autumn 1972). "The Heart of Darkness in Citizen Kane". Cinema Journal 12 (1): 11-25.  (saved)
  • Printed
  • Bates, Robin; Scott Bates (Winter 1987). "Fiery Speech in a World of Shadows: Rosebud's Impact on Early Audiences". Cinema Journal 26 (2): 3-26.  (saved)
  • Rosenbaum, Jonathan (Summer 1987). "Jonathan Rosenbaum Responds to Robin Bates's "Fiery Speech in a World of Shadows: Rosebud's Impact on Early Audiences"". Cinema Journal 26 (4): 60-64.  (saved)
  • Leff, Leonard (Summer 1987). "Leonard Leff Responds to Robin Bates". Cinema Journal 26 (4): 64-65.  (saved)
  • Bates, Robin (Summer 1987). "Robin Bates Replies". Cinema Journal 26 (4): 65-66.  (saved)
  • McBride, Joseph (Spring 1970). "Welles before Kane". Film Quarterly 23 (3): 19-22.  (saved)
  • Leff, Leonard (Autumn 1985). "Reading Kane". Film Quarterly 39 (1): 10-21.  (saved)
  • Borges, Jorge Luis (Winter 1980). "An Overwhelming Film". October 15: 12-14.  (saved)
  • Carringer, Robert L (Winter 1975). "Citizen Kane, The Great Gatsby, and Some Conventions of American Narrative". Critical Inquiry 2 (2): 307-325.  (saved)
  • Printed
  • Carringer, Robert L (March 1976). "Rosebud, Dead or Alive: Narrative and Symbolic Structure in Citizen Kane" 91 (2): 185-193. PMLA.  (saved)
  • Carlson, Jerry W; Walter Shear, Robert L. Carringer (October 1976). "Citizen Kane". PMLA 91: 918-920.  (saved)
  • Carringer, Robert L (Summer 1982). "Orson Welles and Gregg Toland: Their Collaboration on Citizen Kane". Critical Inquiry 8 (4): 651-674.  (saved)
  • Carringer, Robert L (Winter 1978). "The Scripts of Citizen Kane" 5 (2): 369-400. Critical Inquiry.  (saved)
  • McGinty, Sarah Myers (January 1987). "Deconstructing Citizen Kane". The English Journal 76 (1): 46-50.  (saved)
  • Rahtz, Robert (April 1947). "The Traveling Camera". Hollywood Quarterly 2 (3): 297-299.  (saved)
  • Damico, James (Spring 1977). "News Marches in Place: Kane's Newsreel as a Cutting Critique". Cinema Journal 16 (2): 51-58.  (saved)
  • Salt, Barry (Autumn 1977). "Film Style and Technology in the Forties". Film Quarterly 31 (1): 46-57.  (saved)
  • Houston, Beverle (Summer 1982). "Power and Dis-Integration in the Films of Orson Welles". Film Quarterly 35 (4): 2-12.  (saved)
  • Carringer, Robert L (April 1975). "Citizen Kane". Journal of Aesthetic Education 9 (2): 32-49.  (saved)
  • Rathgeb, Douglas L (Spring-Summer 1987). "Fates in the Crowd OR Faces in the Newsreel: Illuminating Citizen Kane through Woody Allen's Zelig". Post Script 6 (3): 31-44.  (inaccessible for now)
  • Tomasulo, Frank P (1986). "Point of View and Narrative Voice in Citizen Kane's Thatcher Sequence". Wide Angle 8 (3/4): 45-52.  (inaccessible for now)
  • Jones, E (Fall 1986). "Locating Truth in Film, 1940-1980". Post Script 6 (1): 53-65.  (inaccessible for now)
  • Maxfield, James F (1986). "'A Man Like Ourselves': Citizen Kane as Aristotelian Tragedy". Literature/Film Quarterly 14 (3): 195-203.  (saved)
  • Mass, Roslyn (Summer 1974). "A Linking of Legends: The Great Gatsby and Citizen Kane". Literature/Film Quarterly 2 (3): 207-215.  (saved)
  • Jaffe, Ira S (1974). "Film as the Narration of Space: Citizen Kane". Literature/Film Quarterly 7 (2): 99-112.  (saved)
  • Colouris, George; Bernard Herrmann, Ted Gilling (Spring 1972). "The Citizen Kane Book". Sight & Sound 41 (2): 71-73.  (saved)
  • Firestone, Bruce M (Spring 1977). "A Rose Is a Rose Is a Columbine: Citizen Kane and William Styron's Nat Turner". Literature/Film Quarterly 5 (2): 118-124.  (saved)

[edit] Articles

  • Kyff, Robert S. "Even after 50 years, Citizen Kane resonates with a clarity both technical and allegorical", Chicago Tribune, 1991-05-01.  (saved)

[edit] Sandbox

[edit] Anatomy of a Classic

[edit] References

[edit] Citizen Kane in Popular Culture

Citizen Kane is one of the most referenced films in popular culture. The following is a partial list:

[edit] Movies

  • In Woody Allen's Zelig, around the 45th minute there is a fake archive news sequence which bears strong resemblance to the presentation of Xanadu in Citizen Kane. The sequence is about Leonard Zelig and Dr. Eudora Fletcher appearing with other celebrities at the dream-castle of William Randolph Hearst. Zelig is a mockumentary, and thus the scene is a nod to the film which first featured archive footage to tell a fictional story.
  • The flash-backs to childhood in Oliver Stone's Nixon, as well as its use of a newsreel-style sequence to fill in the details of Nixon's life, bear a close stylistic resemblance to Citizen Kane.
  • Oliver Stone's Nixon quotes Citizen Kane extensively, from the opening shots (the White House replaces Kane's Xanadu) to the famous breakfast table scene (the growing estrangement of a married couple is illustrated by a sequence of day-to-day shots in which camerawork increasingly stretches the apparent distance between the of the breakfast table over which the couple bickers). A number of devices from Kane are explicitly mimicked, including the non-linear narrative that flashes back and forth from the childhood of its subject to his old age and the use of fake newsreel footage ("News - on the March!") to increase the rate of narrative flow. The apparent rationale for Stone's homage is that Nixon is, like Kane, a rags-to-riches story of a man who "had greatness within him" but who loses touch with his own humanity.

[edit] Television

  • The animated television program The Simpsons has had many, many references to Citizen Kane, frequently portraying Mr. Burns as Kane himself:
    • "Two Cars in Every Garage and Three Eyes on Every Fish": Burns runs for state governor, but when defeated yells "You can't do this to me, I'm Charles Montgomery Burns!". Bart also asks Homer "Is your boss governor yet?"
    • "Marge Gets a Job": at another employee's retirement shindig, Smithers arranges a musical number for Burns reminiscent of the "Good ol' Charlie Kane" number in Citizen Kane, complete with Orson Welles-esque camera angles.
    • "Mr. Plow": to rejuvenate his failing snow plow business, Homer hires an ad company who make a television commercial that is extremely similar to the opening scene of "Citizen Kane", involving a snow globe being dropped on the floor.
    • "Sideshow Bob Roberts": when the villainous Sideshow Bob successfully runs for Springfield mayor, he gives his acceptance speech in front of a large poster of his own face.
    • "Rosebud": The opening sequence in Burns' manor parodies the opening shot of Kane's manor and the snow globe falling on the floor. Burns remembers discarding his precious childhood teddy bear Bobo when leaving for a new life of riches, like Kane and his sled.
    • "Guess Who's Coming to Criticize Dinner?": a Planet Hollywood-esque restaurant displays a supposed "cane from Citizen Kane"; Lisa comments "there is no cane in Citizen Kane!", though in fact Kane is actually seen with a cane in several scenes.
    • "Treehouse of Horror VII": the third segment, in which the aliens Kodos and Kang attempt to rig the 1996 US Presidential Election, is entitled "Citizen Kang".
    • "Mr. Spritz Goes to Washington": Mayor Quimby regrets building an opera house for his mistress after discovering she has a high, annoying voice.
    • "Treehouse of Horror XVII": the segment "The Day the Earth Looked Stupid," is a send up of the Welles' infamous War of the Worlds radio broadcast, complete with a Wellesian character voiced by Maurice LaMarche, the voice of The Brain. At one point in the episode, Chief Wiggum asks Welles "Why don't I just punch you in the nose, bud?" The Welles character then repeats the words "nosebud," apparently inspiring him to make Kane. Welles' assistant at the radio station has voice very similar to that of Bernstein, Kane's right-hand man.
    • The DVD commentary for one episode features one of the show's producers half-jokingly claiming that all the Citizen Kane references made throughout the series could be pieced together to comprise the entire film from start to finish.


  • In the 1974 Columbo TV movie How to Dial a Murder, Nicol Williamson plays a film buff who trains his dogs to maul his enemy upon hearing the word “Rosebud”. Williamson gets his victim to say the fatal word by asking him a question about Citizen Kane over the phone.
  • In the 3rd Rock from the Sun episode "Citizen Solomon," Tommy takes over the school newspaper and begin behaving much like Kane. He even prints a sharply negative review of a school performance of My Fair Lady, despite the fact his girlfriend appeared in it, mirroring the negative review of Susan Alexander's performance Kane allowed to be printed.
  • In the children's television show The Adventures of Pete & Pete, Pete drops a snow globe in the episode "Sick Day" just like in Citizen Kane.
  • Ruth Warrick, who played Emily Monroe Norton in Citizen Kane, became better known later in her career for playing Phoebe Tyler Wallingford on the American soap opera All My Children from 1970 until her death in January 2005. In this show it became a recurring gag to make references to this film when Phoebe was in the scene.
  • In 2004 a documentary film titled Citizen Black detailed the career and downfall of newspaper baron Lord Conrad Black.


  • In a 1997 episode of the sitcom NewsRadio entitled "Rose Bowl", Jimmy James (Stephen Root) is fooled into purchasing false movie memorabillia. One of those items is a sled named Rose Bowl; he then proceeds to recreate the famous rosebud scene.
  • At the end of one of the episodes of The Micallef Pogram (sic) the camera pulls back to reveal a sled sitting on a ledge at the back of the Studio Audience, with the word 'Rosebud' engraved on it. The camera move is reminiscent of the last shot of Citizen Kane. Also in the the same episode, we see a clay animation entitled "Citizen Kane", where a man lying in a hospital bed has a snow dome fall on his head brutally crushing it.
  • In the Family Guy episode "Screwed the Pooch", Peter records over a video store's cassette immediately after Kane's death, informing the would-be renters that "It's his sled. It was his sled from when he was a kid." and, thus, saves them "two long, boobless hours."
  • In 1995, a British building-materials company aired a commercial on U.S. television. It details, in newsreel fashion, the life of Charles Forsythe King, whose investments paid off handsomely at first, but went bust with the stock market crash of 1929. A character meant to represent Walter Parks Thatcher says, "King's mistake was investing in paper money instead of paper itself. He should have invested in timber." A character meant to represent Jedediah Leland says, "I told him, 'Charlie, you hit a brick wall. Buy bricks!'" A character meant to represent Mr. Bernstein says, "He worked us day and night. All that electricity. Too bad he didn't invest in coal." As the newsreel stops, a producer says, "All that tells me that he failed, but not why!" Another viewer asks, "What were King's last words?" Another says, "They say it was one word, the one thing he wished he had." The King character, with snow falling around him in imitation of the snow-globe, whispers, "Hanson!" Hanson then lists the various things they deal in, and closes with the tagline, "Just your average $15 billion company."
  • In an Unhappily Ever After episode, B minus Blues, throughout the show, the character, Tiffany, cannot get an A in English, even though she's an overachiever, because her teacher wants his students to write and says the same way he does. And at the end, Tiffany, old and is dying, says her teacher's name as the last thing before she is dead and drops a snow globe with the capital B inside of it onto the floor.

[edit] Music

  • The White Stripes' song "The Union Forever" is made up entirely of quotes from Citizen Kane. A young Kane yells the title while playing in the snow. The chorus, "It can't be love for there is no true love", is originally sung by the jazz band during the camping trip. It also features the "Charlie Kane" song in a breakdown.
  • The music video for the song "Hook" from the album "Four" by Blues Traveler is a parody of Kane's political speech in front of a gigantic portrait of himself
  • Kate Bush sings "in the snow with Rosebud" in the song "King of the Mountain" from her album Aerial; a sled with the name "Rosebud" written on it appears in the song's video.
  • The Thrills' song "Found my Rosebud" includes the chorus: "So for the first time in my life/Feel like a country boy caught in headlights/I found my rosebud/I found my rosebud/Arrived in New York City/Feel like a scapegoat before a committee/I found my rosebud/I found my rosebud/Oh oh-oh."
  • Julie Brown's song "The Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun" references Citizen Kane with the spoken line: "Oh God this is like that movie Citizen Kane, you know where you later find out Rosebud was a sled? But we'll never know who Johnny was because, like, she's dead."
  • Tenacious D in the Pick Of Destiny has a reference in "You know our movie's better than Citizen Kane!"
  • The alternative rock band Muse has a song entitled Citizen Erased.

[edit] Other media

  • The last chapter of the comic book The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck by Keno Don Rosa is heavily influenced by Citizen Kane; the Rosebud sled itself can be seen at one point.
  • The game Giants: Citizen Kabuto refers to a humongous creature, Kabuto, that has difficulty living peacefully on the islands.
  • A level in the computer game Oh No! More Lemmings is called Citizen Lemming.
  • Upon defeating the boss in final level of the final episode in the computer game Wolfenstein 3D, the boss will mutter "rosenknospe" (the German word for rosebud) before he dies. The same thing will happen in Timesplitters: Future Perfect, except that the final boss, Jacob Crow will mutter "rosebud" in English.
  • A Batman Elseworlds story by Brian Michael Bendis entitled "Citizen Wayne" featured Dick Grayson as the reporter piecing together Bruce Wayne's life.
  • The Superman comic Lex 2000 refers to Citizen Luthor, a film about the life of Lex Luthor's grandfather.
  • The Playstation 2 video game Destroy All Humans! includes a level titled "Citizen Crypto", along with several movie themed levels from the 50's and 60's.
  • Peanuts strips have many references to Citizen Kane. In one strip, Charlie Brown's sister Sally, talking about some old movies she is watching during her summer camp, says: "Rosebud, I'll bet it, it's his sled". Snoopy, as Joe Cool, once checked the campus billboard and noted that they were showing Citizen Kane, which he'd already seen 42 times. In another strip, Linus is watching the TV while Lucy enters the room saying: "What are you watching?" and as Linus replies: "Citizen Kane [...] This is the first time I've ever seen it...", Lucy exits saying: "'Rosebud' was his sled" -- causing Linus to scream in anguish. When their brother Rerun catches it several years later, Lucy attempts the same statement on him, but Linus cuts her off (one of the few times Linus is actually willing to stand up to her and she doesn't strike back). In a December 1968 strip, Charlie Brown is watching Snoopy sledding down a hill and then pulling his sled back up the hill. After he walks past Charlie, Charlie looks at his sled, then looks up with a puzzled look on his face and says "Rosebud?"
  • A famous cheat code from the PC game The Sims for one thousand simoleans was "rosebud". Additionally, if your Sim pursues a career in Hollywood, he is eventually approached to create a sequel to Citizen Kane, which randomly makes or breaks his career if accepted.
  • In 2007, the New York Times headlined a story about the powerful American Vogue editor Anna Wintour "Citizen Anna".
  • The webcomic 8-Bit Theater contains one strip titled Citizen Mage where Black Mage recites a diatribe reminiscent of one in the movie.
  • In the PC game Uplink: Hacker Elite, the password to the Uplink test machine (which must be accessed at the beginning of the game) is "rosebud." Unlike almost all other system passwords, it does not change over the course of the game.
  • In the Flintlocke webcomic, a dying alliance soldier gasps out the name of an alliance city under attack (Stormwind). At Flintlocke's inquiry as to what Stormwind could mean, Schweitzer the healer replies, "It's the name of his sled!"
  • Near the end of the PC game The Curse of Monkey Island, the villain LeChuck tries to make Guybrush guess the secret of Monkey Island. One of his potential responses is "That 'Rosebud' is a sled?".
  • The toy Robosapien will say "Rosebud" right before he turns off.
  • America (The Book) tells what Rosebud is, then says that if the reader hasn't seen Citizen Kane, not to worry, it's not that big of a plot point.
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