Eric Mazur
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Eric Mazur | |
 Eric Mazur
|
|
| Born | November 14, 1954 Amsterdam, the Netherlands |
|---|---|
| Residence |  U.S. |
| Nationality |  Dutch |
| Fields | Physicist |
| Institutions | Harvard University |
| Alma mater | Leiden University (doctoral) Harvard University (postdoctoral) |
| Doctoral advisor | Jan Beenakker (doctoral) Nicolaas Bloembergen (postdoc) |
| Known for | Ultrasfast Phenomena Peer Instruction |
| Notable awards | Presidential Young Investigator Award (1988) |
Eric Mazur (b. November 14, 1954) is a prominent physicist and educator at Harvard University. Mazur is known for his work in experimental ultrafast optics and condensed matter physics and a national leader in science education. Born in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, he received his undergraduate and degrees from Leiden University in the Netherlands.
Contents |
[edit] Education
Mazur studied physics and astronomy at Leiden University. He passed his "doctoraal examen" (equivalent to a Masters degree) in 1977 and continued his graduate studies at the same institution. In 1981 he obtained his Ph. D on a thesis entitled "The structure of non-equilibrium angular momentum polarizations in polyatomic gases". Although he intended to go on to a career in industry with Philips N.V. in Eindhoven, he left Europe at the urging of his father, Peter Mazur, to pursue a postdoctoral study with recent Nobel laureate Nicolaas Bloembergen at Harvard University.
[edit] Career
After two years as a postdoc, Mazur was offered a position of Assistant Professor at Harvard University. In 1987 he was promoted to Associate Professor and obtained tenure three years later in 1990. Mazur currently holds a chair as Gordon McKay Professor of Applied Physics in the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Professor of Physics in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
[edit] Research
Mazur's early work at Harvard focused on the use of short-pulse lasers to carry out spectroscopy of highly vibrationally excited molecules. Mazur and his group have made many pioneering contributions to the field of ultrashort laser pulses and their interactions with matter ("femtosecond material science"). In 1989 his group was one of the first in academia to build a colliding-pulse mode-locked laser, which generated pulses of only 70 femtosecond duration. After early measurements by Mazur’s group demonstrated conclusively that solids can undergo a structural phase transition without appreciable heating of the lattice, Mazur’s group developed a technique to measure the full dielectric function of highly excited semiconductors. Since then the group’s use of this technique and various nonlinear optical probes to study laser-induced structural phase transitions.
In parallel to the work on semiconductors, Mazur began studying the interaction of intense femtosecond pulses with transparent materials. By tightly focusing a laser pulse in the bulk of a transparent material nonlinear optical absoprtion occurs inside the material, leading to extreme high temperatures and material changes at the focus. This femtosecond laser micromachining technique is now widely used for for data storage, fabrication of integrated optical components, and microsurgery.
In 1998 a serendipitous discovery in Mazur's laboratory led to the development of a new form of silicon, called "black silicon" because of its very low reflectivity. After irradiation by a train of femtosecond laser pulses in the presence of a halogen containing gas, the surface of silicon develops a self-organized microscopic structure of micrometer-sized cones. The resulting material has many remarkable properties, such as an enhanced absorption that extends to the infrared below the band gap of silicon. The material has found commercial applications in a number of photodetectors.
Mazur's research continues to focus on ultrashort laser pulse interactions and novel nonlinear optical devices. In collaboration with a group from Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China, Mazur's group was the first to develop a technique for pulling subwavelength diameter silica optical fibers. These wires guide light in the form of an evanescent wave, permit very sharp bending of the light.
[edit] Peer instruction
In 1991, Mazur began designing an instructional strategy for teaching called peer instruction. In 1997, he published a book called Peer Instruction: A User's Manual which provides details on this strategy.
[edit] Awards
Mazur has been widely recognized for his scientific work and leadership.
- 1988 - He was awarded the Presidential Young Investigator Award by President Ronald Reagan.
- 1989 - Elected Fellow of the American Physical Society.
- 1999 - Award for excellence in educational research by the Council of Scientific Society Presidents
- 2006 - selected as one of 75 most outstanding American physicists by the American Association of Physics Teachers
[edit] References
- Mazur, E. (1997). Peer Instruction: A User's Manual, Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-565441-6
