Epigallocatechin gallate
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| Epigallocatechin gallate | |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [989-51-5] |
| PubChem | |
| MeSH | |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C22H18O11 |
| Molar mass | 458.372 g/mol |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), also known as Epigallocatechin 3-gallate, is a type of catechin and is the most abundant catechin in tea.
It is the ester of epigallocatechol and gallic acid.
According to one researcher[1] epigallocatechin-3-gallate is an antioxidant that helps protect the skin from UV radiation-induced damage and tumor formation. Other studies have found that EGCG can make malignant brain tumor cells more sensitive to killing by the chemo-drug temozolomide; this was done in the laboratory with cultured human brain tumor cells; whether EGCG can achieve this effect in brain tumor patients as well remains to be investigated.[2]
It is currently under study as a possible treatment for multiple sclerosis[3]
It can be found in many nutritional supplements.
[edit] EGCG and HIV
There has been some research investigating the benefit of EGCG from green tea in the treatment of HIV infection. One study examined the molecular binding of EGCG to the CD4 receptor molecule on human lymphocytes. The CD4 receptor is the site where the HIV virus attaches to a cell before infecting it. To bind to CD4, HIV uses its own receptor gp120. The study found "clear evidence of high-affinity binding of EGCG to the CD4 molecule" and "inhibition of gp120 binding to human CD4+ T cells." [4][5] The mechanism is very similar to a new class of anti-HIV medications, the entry inhibitors. For reasons not yet understood, EGCG seems to have an inhibitory effect on other steps of the HIV lifecycle, including suppression of reverse-transcriptase concentration and decreased protease kinetics.[6] These effects have only been observed in laboratory studies, not in HIV+ individuals. The concentrations of EGCG used in the studies could not be reached by drinking green tea. More study into EGCG and HIV is currently underway.[7]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Katiyar S, Elmets CA, Katiyar SK (2007). "Green tea and skin cancer: photoimmunology, angiogenesis and DNA repair". J. Nutr. Biochem. 18 (5): 287–96. doi:. PMID 17049833.
- ^ Pyrko, P. (2007). "The unfolded protein response regulator GRP78/BiP as a novel target for increasing chemosensitivity in malignant gliomas.". Cancer Research 67: 9809–9816. doi:. PMID 17942911.
- ^ Neurodegeneration in autoimmune demyelination: Recent mechanistic insights reveal novel therapeutic targets. Orhan Aktas, Sonia Waiczies, Frauke Zipp [1]
- ^ Williamson MP, McCormick TG, Nance CL, Shearer WT. Epigallocatechin gallate, the main polyphenol in green tea, binds to the T-cell receptor, CD4: Potential for HIV-1 therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Dec;118(6):1369-74. Epub 2006 Oct 13. PMID 17157668
- ^ Hamza A, Zhan CG. How can (-)-epigallocatechin gallate from green tea prevent HIV-1 infection? Mechanistic insights from computational modeling and the implication for rational design of anti-HIV-1 entry inhibitors. J Phys Chem B. 2006 Feb 16;110(6):2910-7. PMID 16471901
- ^ Yamaguchi K, Honda M, Ikigai H, Hara Y, Shimamura T. Inhibitory effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on the life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Antiviral Res. 2002 Jan;53(1):19-34. PMID 11684313
- ^ Nance CL, Shearer, WT. Is green tea good for HIV-1 infection? Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 112, Issue 5, November 2003, Pages 851-853. PMID 14610469.
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