EP4 receptor

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4)

Identifiers

PTGER4; EP4; EP4R; MGC126583

External IDs

OMIM: 601586 MGI: 104311 HomoloGene: 20261

Gene ontology
Molecular Function:	• rhodopsin-like receptor activity • receptor activity • prostaglandin E receptor activity
Cellular Component:	• membrane • integral to membrane
Biological Process:	• immune response • signal transduction • G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway • G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger • regulation of ossification

Orthologs

Human

Mouse

n/a

n/a

Refseq

NM_000958 (mRNA)
NP_000949 (protein)

NM_008965 (mRNA)
NP_032991 (protein)

Location

n/a

Chr 15: 5.18 - 5.19 Mb

Pubmed search

[1]

[2]

Prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4) is a prostaglandin receptor. PTGER4 is its human gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family. This protein is one of four receptors identified for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). This receptor can activate T-cell factor signaling. It has been shown to mediate PGE2 induced expression of early growth response 1 (EGR1), regulate the level and stability of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA, and lead to the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this receptor may be involved in the neonatal adaptation of circulatory system, osteoporosis, as well as initiation of skin immune responses.^[1]

[edit] See also

Eicosanoid receptor

[edit] References

^ Entrez Gene: PTGER4 prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4).

[edit] Further reading

Duncan AM, Anderson LL, Funk CD, et al. (1995). "Chromosomal localization of the human prostanoid receptor gene family.". Genomics 25 (3): 740–2. PMID 7759114.
Regan JW, Bailey TJ, Pepperl DJ, et al. (1994). "Cloning of a novel human prostaglandin receptor with characteristics of the pharmacologically defined EP2 subtype.". Mol. Pharmacol. 46 (2): 213–20. PMID 8078484.
Bastien L, Sawyer N, Grygorczyk R, et al. (1994). "Cloning, functional expression, and characterization of the human prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype.". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (16): 11873–7. PMID 8163486.
An S, Yang J, Xia M, Goetzl EJ (1994). "Cloning and expression of the EP2 subtype of human receptors for prostaglandin E2.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 197 (1): 263–70. PMID 8250933.
Foord SM, Marks B, Stolz M, et al. (1996). "The structure of the prostaglandin EP4 receptor gene and related pseudogenes.". Genomics 35 (1): 182–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0337. PMID 8661119.
Fedyk ER, Phipps RP (1996). "Prostaglandin E2 receptors of the EP2 and EP4 subtypes regulate activation and differentiation of mouse B lymphocytes to IgE-secreting cells.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (20): 10978–83. PMID 8855294.
Mori K, Tanaka I, Kotani M, et al. (1996). "Gene expression of the human prostaglandin E receptor EP4 subtype: differential regulation in monocytoid and lymphoid lineage cells by phorbol ester.". J. Mol. Med. 74 (6): 333–6. PMID 8862514.
Mukhopadhyay P, Geoghegan TE, Patil RV, et al. (1997). "Detection of EP2, EP4, and FP receptors in human ciliary epithelial and ciliary muscle cells.". Biochem. Pharmacol. 53 (9): 1249–55. PMID 9214685.
Cosme R, Lublin D, Takafuji V, et al. (2000). "Prostanoids in human colonic mucosa: effects of inflammation on PGE(2) receptor expression.". Hum. Immunol. 61 (7): 684–96. PMID 10880739.
Desai S, April H, Nwaneshiudu C, Ashby B (2001). "Comparison of agonist-induced internalization of the human EP2 and EP4 prostaglandin receptors: role of the carboxyl terminus in EP4 receptor sequestration.". Mol. Pharmacol. 58 (6): 1279–86. PMID 11093764.
Sales KJ, Katz AA, Davis M, et al. (2001). "Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E(2) synthesis are up-regulated in carcinomas of the cervix: a possible autocrine/paracrine regulation of neoplastic cell function via EP2/EP4 receptors.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86 (5): 2243–9. PMID 11344234.
Faour WH, He Y, He QW, et al. (2001). "Prostaglandin E(2) regulates the level and stability of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA through activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in interleukin-1 beta-treated human synovial fibroblasts.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (34): 31720–31. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104036200. PMID 11423555.
Desai S, Ashby B (2001). "Agonist-induced internalization and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation of the human prostaglandin EP4 receptor.". FEBS Lett. 501 (2-3): 156–60. PMID 11470276.
Slipetz D, Buchanan S, Mackereth C, et al. (2001). "Sequestration and phosphorylation of the prostaglandin E2 EP4 receptor: dependence on the C-terminal tail.". Biochem. Pharmacol. 62 (8): 997–1012. PMID 11597569.
Fujino H, West KA, Regan JW (2002). "Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 and stimulation of T-cell factor signaling following activation of EP2 and EP4 prostanoid receptors by prostaglandin E2.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (4): 2614–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109440200. PMID 11706038.
Mutoh M, Watanabe K, Kitamura T, et al. (2002). "Involvement of prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP(4) in colon carcinogenesis.". Cancer Res. 62 (1): 28–32. PMID 11782353.
Kvirkvelia N, Vojnovic I, Warner TD, et al. (2002). "Placentally derived prostaglandin E2 acts via the EP4 receptor to inhibit IL-2-dependent proliferation of CTLL-2 T cells.". Clin. Exp. Immunol. 127 (2): 263–9. PMID 11876748.
Asano T, Shoda J, Ueda T, et al. (2002). "Expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E-receptors in carcinoma of the gallbladder: crucial role of arachidonate metabolism in tumor growth and progression.". Clin. Cancer Res. 8 (4): 1157–67. PMID 11948128.
Kyveris A, Maruscak E, Senchyna M (2002). "Optimization of RNA isolation from human ocular tissues and analysis of prostanoid receptor mRNA expression using RT-PCR.". Mol. Vis. 8: 51–8. PMID 11951086.
Scandella E, Men Y, Gillessen S, et al. (2002). "Prostaglandin E2 is a key factor for CCR7 surface expression and migration of monocyte-derived dendritic cells.". Blood 100 (4): 1354–61. doi:10.1182/blood-2001-11-0017. PMID 12149218.

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v • d • e Transmembrane receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A: Rhodopsin like	Acetylcholine (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) - Adrenergic (α1 (A, B, D), α2 (A, B, C), β1, β2, β3) - Adrenomedullin - Anaphylatoxin (C3a, C5a) - Angiotensin (1, 2) - Apelin - Bile acid - Bombesin (BRS3, GRPR, NMBR) - Bradykinin (B1, B2) - Cannabinoid (CB1, CB2) - Chemokine - Cholecystokinin (A, B) - Dopamine (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) - Eicosanoid (CysLT (1, 2), LTB4 (1, 2), FPRL1, OXE, Prostaglandin ((DP (1, 2), EP (1, 2, 3, 4), PGF, Prostacyclin, Thromboxane) - EBI2 - Endothelin (A, B) - Estrogen - Formyl peptide (1, L1, L2) - Free fatty acid (1, 2, 3, 4) - FSH - Galanin (1, 2, 3) - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) - GPR (1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 75, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 101, 103, 119, 120, 132, 135, 139, 141, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182) - Ghrelin - Histamine (H1, H2, H3, H4) - Kisspeptin - Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin - Lysophospholipid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) - MAS (1, 1L, D, E, F, G, X1, X2, X3, X4) - Melanocortin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) - MCHR (1, 2) - Melatonin (1A, 1B)- Motilin - neuromedin (B, U (1, 2)) - Neuropeptide (B/W (1, 2), FF (1, 2), S, Y (1, 2, 4, 5)) - Neurotensin (1, 2) - Opioid (Delta, Kappa, Mu, Nociceptin, but not Sigma) - Olfactory - Opsin (3, 4, 5, 1LW, 1MW, 1SW, RGR, RRH) - Orexin (1, 2) - Oxytocin - Oxoglutarate - PAF - Prokineticin (1, 2) - Prolactin-releasing peptide - Protease-activated (1, 2, 3, 4) - Purinergics (Adenosine (A1, A2a, A2b, A3), P2Y, (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)) - Relaxin (1, 2, 3, 4) - Somatostatin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) - Serotonin, all but 5-HT3 (5-HT1 (A, B, D, E, F), 5-HT2 (A, B, C), 5-HT (4, 5A, 6, 7)) - SREB - Succinate - TAAR (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9) - Tachykinin (1, 2, 3) - Thyrotropin - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone - Urotensin-II - Vasopressin (1A, 1B, 2)

Class B: Secretin like	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1, 2, 3) - Cadherin (1, 2, 3) - Calcitonin - CD97 - Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) - EMR (1, 2, 3) - Glucagon (GR, GIPR, GLP1R, GLP2R) - Growth hormone releasing hormone - PACAPR1- GPR (56, 64, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 133, 143, 144, 157) - Latrophilin (1, 2, 3, ELTD1) - Parathyroid hormone (1, 2) - Secretin - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1, 2)

Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone	Calcium-sensing receptor - GABA B (1, 2) - Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)) - GPRC6A - GPR (156, 158, 179) - RAIG (1, 2, 3, 4) - Taste receptors (TAS1R (1, 2, 3) TAS2R (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50))

Frizzled / Smoothened	Frizzled (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) - Smoothened