Entertainment Computer System

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The Entertainment Computer System was an add-on peripheral for the Intellivision. It was Mattel Electronics' second attempt at creating a peripheral to upgrade the Intellivision into a home computer, rushed into production to appease the Federal Trade Commission after they began fining Mattel for false advertising following consumer complaints about the repeated delays in releasing the originally-planned Intellivision Keyboard Component add-on.

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[edit] History

When Mattel Electronics originally released the Intellivision in late 1979, they advertised that the Intellivision -- unlike its primary rival, the Atari 2600 (then known as the Atari VCS) -- would be upgradeable to a fully-functional home computer via a hardware add-on accessory called the Keyboard Component. Many potential buyers were excited by the notion (especially parents, who liked the idea of a machine that could be turned into an educational tool, or at least something more useful and practical than just a game-playing system), and many bought Intellivisions on that basis alone.

The planned Keyboard Component would have offered a full 64K of RAM, built-in cassette storage for programs and data (plus a simultaneous audio track that could be played under computer control!), an optional 40-column thermal printer, and a secondary CPU to run all of these expanded features independently of the Intellivision's CP1610 processor. Unfortunately, while the planned Keyboard Component was an ambitious design, it had some reliability problems that proved difficult to overcome, and it was far too expensive to manufacture and sell. The Keyboard Component -- originally planned for a 1981 release -- was continually delayed and pushed back as Mattel's engineering group, headed by David "Papa Intellivision" Chandler, kept going back to the drawing board trying to find ways to overcome these problems.

Eventually, complaints from Intellivision owners who had chosen to buy the Intellivision specifically on the promise of a "Coming Soon!" personal-computer upgrade caught the attention of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), which launched an investigation of Mattel Electronics for fraud and false advertising. Mattel tried to claim that the Keyboard Component was a real product that was still being test-marketed, and even released a small number of Keyboard Components and a handful of software titles to a few select retail stores (as well as offering them via mail-order to any customers who complained loudly enough) in order to support this claim. The FTC was not impressed and finally, in mid-1982, they imposed a fine of $10,000 per day until the promised computer upgrade was in full retail distribution.

Fortunately, Mattel Electronics already had a "plan B" in progress. Increasingly concerned that the Keyboard Component division might never actually produce a sellable product, in mid-1981 Mattel Electronics' management set up a competing internal engineering team (headed by Richard Chang). Ostensibly, this group was working on a low-cost add-on called the BASIC Development System, or BDS, which would be sold as an educational device to introduce kids to the concepts of computer programming via a simplified color-coded BASIC interpreter and an inexpensive keyboard. Only a few people within Mattel knew the team's real mission: to either fix the Keyboard Component, or replace it.

Chang's "Design & Development" group (who had to keep the project's real purpose a closely-guarded secret among themselves, fearing that if Chandler found out about it he would use his influence at Mattel, Inc. to get the project killed) eventually came up with an alternative to the Keyboard Component. Originally dubbed the Lucky (from LUCKI: Low User-Cost Keyboard Interface), it lacked many of the sophisticated features envisioned for the original Keyboard Component: instead of a full 64K of RAM, it only offered a mere 2K (not all of which was actually available to the user); the cassette interface was stripped down to the bare essential needed to save and load data (and was now an optional extra, rather than built-in), and there was no secondary CPU. Still, it fulfilled the original promises -- turn the Intellivision into a computer, make it possible to write programs and store them to tape, and interface with a printer -- well enough to allow Mattel to claim that they had delivered the promised computer upgrade and, it was hoped, to get the FTC and its $10,000/day fine off Mattel's back.

On the plus side, the ECS did include a built-in BASIC that was somewhat functional, if idiosyncratic and occasionally buggy, and a second AY-3-8910 sound chip which expanded the system's audio capabilities to six-voice synthesized sound and, when paired with the optional 49-key Music Synthesizer keyboard, could potentially turn the Intellivision into a polyphonic synthesizer for playing, recording, or learning music. It would also allow two additional hand-held Game Controllers to be connected in place of the alphanumeric keyboard, which opened up the possibility of four-player games.

In the fall of 1982, the LUCKI -- now renamed the Entertainment Computer System, or ECS -- was presented at the annual sales meeting, officially signaling the end of the ill-fated Keyboard Component project. (Although it didn't go quietly. Not only did Mattel have to agree to buy back all of the existing Keyboard Components, but the manufacturer which had been contracted to make the Keyboards (Compro, Inc.) promptly sued Mattel for $10 million dollars claiming breach of contract, fraud, and nonpayment for the last 1,300 units.[1]) A new advertising campaign was hastily rushed onto the air in time for the 1982 Christmas season, promising once again that a home-computer upgrade was just around the corner, and the ECS itself was shown to the public at the January 1983 Consumer Electronic Show (CES) in Las Vegas. A few months later, the ECS hit the market, and the FTC agreed to drop the $10K/day fines.[2]

Unfortunately, by the time the ECS made its retail debut, an internal shake-up at the top levels of Mattel Electronics' management had caused the company's focus to shift away from hardware add-ons in favor of software, and the ECS received very little further marketing push. Further hardware developments, including a planned Program Expander that would have added another 16K of RAM and a more sophisticated, fully-featured Extended-BASIC to the system, were halted, and in the end only a half-dozen titles were released for the ECS.

[edit] Hardware

  • ECS EXEC/BASIC ROM, containing the built-in BASIC programming language and additional BIOS routines to handle the added hardware features
  • additional 2K of system RAM (supposedly, the system could be further expanded to as much as 64K with add-on memory modules, but no such modules ever made it to production)
  • additional AY-3-8910 sound chip (this was the same sound chip used in the Intellivision)
  • a cassette recorder/printer interface (used the same peripherals as the Mattel Aquarius)
  • two additional input ports for the alphanumeric Computer Keyboard, the Music Synthesizer keyboard, or two additional Intellivision Game Controllers.

[edit] What was included

  • ECS add-on module (plugged into the Intellivision)
  • alphanumeric Computer Keyboard
  • AC adapter
  • spiral-bound instruction manual, including a language reference for the built-in BASIC

[edit] Optional add-ons

  • Music Synthesizer 49-key music keyboard
  • extra Intellivision game controllers (for 4-player games)
  • data cassette drive
  • 40-column thermal printer

(Note: the latter two options were never actually marketed with Intellivision/ECS boxes and logos. The system would use the same cassette and printer units which were being sold for the Mattel Aquarius home computer, but this fact seems to have not been widely advertised by Mattel.)

[edit] Games

Initially, at least a half-dozen ECS-supporting software titles were slated to roll out along with the ECS, with more to follow. Unfortunately, as noted above, by the time the ECS made its retail debut in 1983 a new management team had taken over at Mattel Electronics which was no longer interested in selling or promoting hardware add-ons, which they viewed as money-losers that had tied up too much of the company's capital for too little return. (Perhaps not without some justification, given the history of the long-delayed, never-released Keyboard Component and the lower-than-expected sales of the Intellivoice module.) The Marketing and Applications departments were also not particularly enthusiastic about the ECS unit[3], since it really didn't add any revolutionary features to the system and it was a struggle to come up with game ideas that would justify requiring the user to have one.

As a result, the ECS was not well-promoted, and few of the planned software titles were released before Richard Chang's "Design & Development" group was closed down in August 1983, effectively halting further work on ECS-supporting titles. A very few titles that were already well in progress were eventually completed, but none of them made it to production before Mattel Electronics ceased operations in January of 1984.

[edit] Released Titles

  • The Jetsons' Ways With Words (educational title)
  • Melody Blaster (Music Synthesizer game title)
  • Mind Strike (strategy game title)
  • Mr. BASIC Meets Bits 'N Bytes (educational game title)
  • Scooby Doo's Maze Chase (strategy / maze game title)
  • World Series Major League Baseball (sports title)

(Melody Blaster was the only title ever released for the Music Synthesizer add-on unit.)

[edit] Unreleased Titles

  • BASIC Programmer (educational/productivity title, unfinished)
  • Doubles Tennis (4-player sports title, unfinished)
  • Flintstones Keyboard Fun (educational title, unfinished)
  • Game Factory (educational/productivity title, completed but unreleased)
  • Melody Maker (Music Synthesizer title, unfinished)
  • Music Conductor (Music Synthesizer title, unfinished)
  • Number Jumble (educational title, completed but unreleased)
  • Super NFL Football (sports title, completed but unreleased)
  • Super NASL Soccer (4-player sports title, completed but unreleased)

(Super NASL Soccer was eventually released as World Cup Soccer by Mattel Electronics' French division, which reformed under the name Nice Ideas when Mattel Electronics was shut down. World Cup Soccer lacked the 4-player capability and would run on a stock Intellivision console without the ECS module.)