Enterprise, Guyana
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Enterprise is a village in the Demerara-Mahaica region along the coastal belt of Guyana. It is about two square miles in size and has a population of about 12,000. It is located about 14 miles southeast of the capital city Georgetown. This small community is flanked by Bachelors Adventure and a little further, Enmore to the east; Strasthpey on its west; Melanie Damishana and the Atlantic Ocean sits to the North; and some of the country's largest Sugarcane fields just beyond its southern horizon.
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[edit] History
Enterprise started in late 1940s when the residents of Nonpareil were granted new plots of land to start a community north-east of their current village. These plots were an upgrade from the primitive mud hut homes of the old village, which, bunched together, were unable to support the population swell that came in the early generations. The new space was much better suited for cultivating fruits and vegetable, and proved most durable as the community continued to grow.
In the 1950s the development of Enterprise moved at a steady pace, and by the end of first decade, Enterprise had more than double its population. It had acquired both a Primary and Secondary school to educate its largest population of youths hiterto. The main streets were covered with asphalt to allow easier vehicle access and to reduce deterioration from soil erosion. A Community Center was added in 1960 under the control of Bookers' Sugar Estate but they handed control to Community leaders soon after and today it is own and operated by the community and remains the community's agora for public forums and meetings. Development in Enterprise was slower in subsequent decades, but it remained progressive during its nascent years.
Then, in 1964, the worst political strife between the Indians and the Africans took place and Guyana's Government and Economy came to a stand-still. Commerce, Schools and far worst, Law Enforcements - society as a whole - cease to function as it had. There were rampant murders, vandalism, looting, and civil clashes in magnitudes unseen hitherto. In quelling the uprising a line was drawn between these two dominant races and, as a result, the once mixed communities, like Enterprise, were forced to segregate its people. Riots were commonplace and the divide created during this sensitive period can still be seen in many facets community life today.
After the riots circa 1964-65 Enterprise found itself with approximately 2,000 refugees from various neighboring villages, squatting on adjoining land. These temporary homes, as they were seen at the time, satisfied the basic needs of the displace. But for years to come it became detrimental to the community because many remained. Enterprise found itself the victim of the social impoverishment that came with squatters i.e. widespread untreated diseases (hospital services were years away), and fights, murders, and robberies were regular news. The transition period from one village to the next created great hardship for all, but in the end the small community of Enterprise expanded it borders to include these refugees and the social disturbances dwindled.
In 1992, with the change in government and ruling political party, Guyana became a democratic state and it influenced a wonderful change in the country. Development unseen for twenty eight years started reappearing. Enterprise's population grew at an increasing pace and an old over crowding problem also reappeared. In response the new government introduced a program to sell vacant land north to its residents first and then to families from around the country. This brought a huge relief to the crowded community and within a few years houses filled the new area.
Once again Enterprise's physical appearance had changed. The turn of the last century found Enterprise transform to a giant descendant of that small hut village Nonpareil, housing the many branches of its offsprings.
[edit] Culture
The culture in Enterprise slightly resembles that of the Indian immigrants who crossed the Atlantic Ocean over 150 years ago. Even though well over 90% of the population remains Indo-Guyanese - a small group of Chinese and Amerindian families are the minority - the culture is very similar to that of the rest of the British Caribbean, but with, according to the locals, an East Indian flair.
In the beginning, the culture of Enterprise resembled very much that of the mother country, India, but as African and Chinese infiltrate the village a slight variety was added. The residents of Enterprise, the Indo-Guyanese, Afro-Guyanese, and Chinese brought their foods, traditions, religion and customs with them. But after the racially motivated outburst of 1964, Enterprise became a 100% Indo-Guyanese village, but still the contributions the Afro-Guyanese and Chinese made had left lasting impressions in Enterprise. This is very prevalent today in the food and language of the people.
Over the years, the population of Indians has lost their mother tongue completely, and although Indian music remains very popular, the English language, with a slight Creole touch, has taken complete control. No one speaks Hindi anymore and in Enterprise it is consider a dead language. The colloquial English use is heavily influenced by the British. Being a colony for many years, Guyana is touch with a flair of British in almost everything and so is Enterprise. Like the British custom to drink tea many of daily activities are in small ways reflective of the past. Even the system of Government, although it has been slightly modified over the years, still imitate the British rules and laws.
The religious beliefs of the people have gone through a major transformation as well. Even though the composition of the population remains the same for over 45 years, the religious beliefs have changed dramatically. The two dozen Christian churches that now dot the village claims over 60% of the younger generation and approximately 30% of the older generation have converted to this recently introduce faith. Regardless of religious conviction every holiday social or religious are celebrated and respected. Many of the customs that are objective and foster public life are commonly organized by community leaders at home and abroad.
Many of the original religious customs and traditions that have not been lost were modified by the ages and vestiges of an East Indian heritage appear in a number of the festivities. For example, few weddings are ever complete without the ceremonial rubbing of the dye; an old Indian wedding custom that is accepted among every religion. Holidays like Christmas and Diwali are examples of occasions where the entire community celebrates together in a congenial integration of faith.
[edit] Education
Enterprise has three schools; a Nursery, a Primary, and a Secondary school and their education system follow a derivation of the colonial British model. The Primary and Secondary school were built in 1960 and are housed in the same building. Together, they handle educating the children of Enterprise and surrounding villages.
The education system under the British progressed very slowly. It was, at first, very Christian oriented. Even the schools were named after religion e.g. Anglicans, Lutheran. Christianity was taught in every school and only a Christian was allowed to teach. The education received was sometimes useless to promote the needs of the community and that was because it was modelled on the English system and not applicable to the poor, destitute environment.
The education level, which was considered to be among the highest in the country, significantly deteriorated in the 1970s and further in the 1980s, primarily due to lack of funding. Adding to the problems, many of the better-educated professionals and teachers emigrated to other countries during this period, because of low pay, lack of opportunities and rampant crime. It is important to note that this period of poor investments in Education and huge 'brain-drain' was a notorious pattern seen throughout the country.
For about thirty years before 1992 there was a precipitous drop in Education. It took a very long time but by the mid 1990s the education system has changed to suit the needs of the country and of Enterprise.
Although the education system started showing signs of recovery in the 1990s, it still does not produce the high quality of well-rounded, educated students of the past generation and consequently, the workforce continues to fall behind most conventional standards. Over the last ten years a slow development has began but it is being negated by another mass migration of the trained professionals.
[edit] Economy
Enterprise was established because of the Sugar Industry, and as a result, the entire economy was structured around this industry. The Sugar Industry still makes up the largest part of Enterprise's economy, while General Goods stores and Commercial transportation come in a close second and third.
During these early years, and still today to lesser affect, anything that distrupt the sugar plantation caused a stir in Enterprise.
Agriculture made up a larger part of the economy 10 years ago but today many are finding alternatives to field work. Poor maintenance of drainage and irrigation coupled with recent crop-killing floods have also contributed to more people moving from the farms to the factories. The handful of die-hard farmers today export most of their produce to larger markets in Georgetown, namely Stabroek Market and Bourda Market, which unlike Enterprise's marketplace, are open everyday except Sundays. The local market opens only on Fridays and have attracted many of out-of-village goods and produces recently.
The last few years have brought about broad changes in this small community's economy. Today less than half of the residents depend on the sugar industry and those working in factories, schools, offices, and commercial transportation are pushing Enterprise toward their new fields of dreams.
[edit] References
This article is based on information collected in a number of surveys as well as recent interviews conducted with Enterprise’s residents of various age groups. The information is strictly objective and intend to inform and edify.
[edit] See also
