English Civil War timeline
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This is a timeline of events leading up to, culminating in, and resulting from the English Civil Wars.
Contents |
[edit] Events prior to the English Civil War
- 1625 - Charles I of England accedes to the English throne, and shortly after marries a French Roman Catholic princess, Henrietta Maria
- 1626 - Parliament dismisses George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham from command of English forces in Europe; Charles, furious, dismisses Parliament.
- 1628 - Charles recalls Parliament; Parliament draws up Petition of Right which Charles reluctantly accepts. John Felton murders George Villiers in Portsmouth.
- 1629 - Charles dismisses Parliament and does not call it again until 1640.
- 1633 - William Laud appointed Archbishop of Canterbury.
- 1637 - Charles attempts to impose Anglican services on the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, Jenny Geddes reacts starting a tumult which leads to the National Covenant.
- 1639-1640 - Bishops' Wars in Scotland.
[edit] 1640
- Charles recalls Parliament to raise funds: this was the Short Parliament, which was promptly dismissed by Charles.
- October 26 - Charles forced to sign the Treaty of Ripon.
- November - Charles again summons Parliament; this was the Long Parliament.
[edit] 1641
- December - The Grand Remonstrance is presented to the King.
[edit] 1642 until the outbreak of the war
- February 23 - Henrietta Maria goes to the Netherlands with Princess Mary and the crown jewels.
- June 2 - The Nineteen Propositions rejected.
[edit] The First English Civil War
[edit] Events of 1642
- July Charles I of England besieges the city of Kingston upon Hull in order to secure its arsenal.
- 22 August, Charles I of England raises his standard at Nottingham and the war commences
- 23 September, Battle of Powick Bridge.
- 23 October, Battle of Edgehill
- 12 November, Battle of Brentford.
- 13 November , Battle of Turnham Green
[edit] Events of 1643
- 19 January, Battle of Braddock Down
- 19 March, Battle of Hopton Heath
- 30 March, Battle of Seacroft Moor
- 16 May, Battle of Stratton
- 18 June, Battle of Chalgrove Field John Hampden killed in the skirmish
- 30 June, Battle of Adwalton Moor
- 5 July, Battle of Lansdowne (or Lansdown) fought near Bath.
- 13 July, Battle of Roundway Down fought near Devizes
- 20 September, First Battle of Newbury
- 11 October, Battle of Winceby
[edit] Events of 1644
The Scots marched South and joined Parliament's army threatening York.
- 26 January, Battle of Nantwich
- 29 March, Battle of Cheriton
- 29 June, Battle of Cropredy Bridge
- 2 July, Battle of Marston Moor
- 27 October, Second Battle of Newbury
- 13 September, Second Battle of Aberdeen
[edit] Events of 1645
- 9 May, Battle of Auldearn
- 16 June, Battle of Naseby
- 2 July, Battle of Alford
- 15 August, Battle of Kilsyth
- 13 September, Battle of Philiphaugh
- 24 September, Battle of Rowton Heath
- Surrender of Leicester
- October fear of Royalist attack in south Lincolnshire
- Charles went to Welbeck, Nottinghamshire
- 17 December Siege of Hereford ended with the surrender of Royalist garrison.
[edit] Events of 1646
- 18 January, Siege of Dartmouth ended with the surrender of Royalist garrison.
- 3 February, Siege of Chester ended with the surrender of Royalist garrison after a 136 day siege.
- 16 February, Battle of Torrington victory for the New Model Army
- 10 March, Ralph Hopton surrenders the Royalist army at Tresillian bridge in Cornwall.
- 21 March, Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold the last pitched battle of the First Civil War is a victory for the New Model Army
- 5 May Charles surrendered to a Scottish army at Southwell, Nottinghamshire
- 13 April Siege of Exeter ended with the surrender of Royalist garrison.
- 6 May Newark fell to the Parliamenterians
- 24 June, Siege of Oxford ended with the surrender of Royalist garrison.
- 22 July, Siege of Worcester ended with the surrender of Royalist garrison.
- 27 July after a 65 day siege Wallingford Castle, The last English royalist stronghold, surrenders to Sir Thomas Fairfax.
[edit] Events of 1647
- 19 August Royalist garrison of Raglan Castle surrendered
- 31 August Montrose escaped from the Highlands
- 13 March Harlech Castle the last Royalist Stronghold surrendered to the Parliametry forces.
[edit] The Second English Civil War
[edit] Events of 1648
- 8 May Battle of St. Fagans
- 16 May(?) – July 11 Siege of Pembroke
- 24 June Battle of Maidstone
- 13 June – August 28 Siege of Colchester
- 17 August – August 19 Battle of Preston
- December – Pride's Purge, when troops under Colonel Thomas Pride removed opponents of Oliver Cromwell from Parliament by force of arms
- August 28 On the evening of the surrender of Colchester, Royalist Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle were shot
[edit] Events of 1649
- 20 January 1649, The trial of Charles I of England by the High Court of Justice begins
- 27 January 1649, The death warrant of Charles I of England is signed
- 30 January 1649, Charles I of England executed by beheading
- 5 February 1649, The eldest son of Charles I, Charles, proclaimed King of Scots in Edinburgh, Scotland
- 9 March 1649, Engager Duke of Hamilton, Royalist Earl of Holland, and Royalist Lord Capel were beheaded at Westminster
- 24 March 1649, The capitulation of Pontefract Castle which, even after the death of Charles I, remained loyal to Charles II
[edit] Third English Civil War
[edit] 1650
- 1 December, Battle of Hieton, Scotland (skirmish)
- 3 September, Battle of Dunbar, Scotland
[edit] 1651
- 1 January, Charles II crowned King of Scots at Scone, Scotland
- 20 July, Battle of Inverkeithing, Scotland
- 25 August, Battle of Wigan Lane (skirmish)
- 3 September, Battle of Worcester, England
- 16 October, Charles II landed in Normandy, France, after successfully fleeing England
[edit] Events after the English Civil War
- 1650-1660, English Interregnum
- 1649-1653, The first period of the Commonwealth of England
- 1653-1658, The Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell
- 3 September 1658, Death of Oliver Cromwell
- 1658-1659, The Protectorate under Richard Cromwell
- 1659-1660, The second period of the Commonwealth of England
- 1660, English Restoration and the return of King Charles II of England
- July 1660, Richard Cromwell left England for France where he went by a variety of pseudonyms, including “John Clarke”
- 1660-1662, The trials and executions of the regicides of Charles I
- 30 January 1661, On the 12th anniversary of the beheading of Charles I, the exhumed remains of Oliver Cromwell were posthumously executed (Cromwell's severed head was displayed on a pole outside Westminster Abbey until 1685)
