Endemic species of Taiwan

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The endemic species of Taiwan are organisms that are endemic to the island of Taiwan— that is, they occur nowhere else on Earth.

Percentages of endemic animals of all living species in Taiwan.

Category Total species Endemic species (& ssp.) Percentages
Mammals 70 45 64%
Birds 450 84 19%
Reptiles 85 27 32%
Amphibians 32 10 31%
Freshwater Fishes 220 36 16%
Butterflies 400 50 13%
Total 1,257 252 20%

Percentages of endemic plants of all living species in Taiwan.[1]

Category Total (native) species Endemic species (& ssp.) Percentages
Pteridophytes 629 72 11%
Gymnosperms 28 18 64%
Dicotyledons 2,410 750 31%
Monocotyledons 1,010 227 23%
Total 4,077 1,067 26%

Contents

[edit] Endemic mammals

Formosan Serow
Formosan Serow
Formosan Macaque
Formosan Macaque
  1. Formosan Serow – Naemorhedus swinhoei (Gray)
  1. Formosan Shrew – Soriculus fumidus Thomas
  2. Tada's Shrew – Crocidura tadae Tokuda & Kano
  3. Koshun Shrew – Soriculus sodalis Thomas
  1. Formosan Field Vole – Apodemus semotus Thomas
  2. Spinous Country-rat – Niviventer coxingi (Swinhoe)
  3. Formosan White-bellied Rat – Niviventer culturatus (Thomas)
  4. Kikuchi's Field Vole – Microtus kikuchii (Kuroda)
  1. Formosan Macaque – Macaca cyclopis (Swinhoe)
  1. Formosan Long-eared Bat – Plecotus taivanus Yoshiyuki
  2. Formosan Mouse-eared Bat – Myotis taiwanensis Linde
  3. Formosan Tube-nosed Bat – Murina puta Kishida
  4. Yellow-necked Bat – Arielulus torquatus Gabor & Lee
  5. Formosan Broad-muzzled Bat – Myotis latirostris Kishida
  6. Formosan Leaf-nosed Bat – Hipposideros terasensis Kisida
  7. Formosan Greater Horseshoe Bat – Rhinolophus formosae Sanborn
  8. Formosan Lesser Horseshoe Bat – Rhinolophus monoceros Andersen

[edit] Endemic birds

Taiwan Bulbul
Taiwan Bulbul
Main article: Endemic birds of Taiwan

Fourteen endemic bird species of Taiwan have been identified (out of a total of 471 bird species). These birds make up about 9% of all birds living in Taiwan. Another 69 subspecies are endemic, accounting for another 45% of the local resident population.

  1. Taiwan Tit – Parus holsti Seebohm
  2. Taiwan Laughing Thrush – Garrulax morrisonianus (Ogilvie-Grant)
  3. Taiwan Sibia – Heterophasia auricularis (Swinhoe)
  4. Taiwan Yuhina – Yuhina brunneiceps Ogilvie-Grant
  5. Taiwan Barwing – Actinodura morrisoniana Ogilvie-Grant
  6. Steere's Liocichla – Liocichla steerii Swinhoe
  7. Formosan Blue Magpie – Urocissa caerulea (Gould)
  8. Taiwan Bulbul – Pycnonotus taivanus Styan
  9. Taiwan Whistling Thrush – Myiophoneus insularis Gould
  10. Collared Bush Robin – Tarsiger johnstoniae (Ogilvie-Grant)
  11. Taiwan Firecrest – Regulus goodfellowi Ogilvie-Grant
  12. Taiwan Bush-warbler – Bradypterus alishanensis
  1. Taiwan Hill Partridge – Arborophila crudigularis (Swinhoe)
  2. Mikado Pheasant – Syrmaticus mikado (Ogilivie-Grant)
  3. Swinhoe's Pheasant – Lophura swinhoii (Gould)

[edit] Endemic reptiles

  1. Formosan Smooth Skink – Scincella formosensis (Van Denburgh)
  2. Taiwan Forest Skink – Sphenomorphus taiwanensis Chen & Lue
  3. Lanyu Scaly-toed Gecko – Lepidodactylus yami Ota
  4. Kikuchi's Gecko – Gekko kikuchii (Oshima)
  5. Lue's Japalura – Japalura luei Ota, Chen & Shang
  6. Maki's Japalura – Japalura makii Ota
  7. Swinhoe's Japalura – Japalura swinhonis Gunther
  8. Short-legged Japalura – Japalura brevipes Gressitt
  9. Formosan Legless Lizard – Ophisaurus formosensis Kishida
  10. Formosan Grass Lizard – Takydromus formosanus Boulenger
  11. Sauteri Grass Lizard – Takydromus sauteri Van Denburgh
  12. Hsuehshan Grass Lizard – Takydromus hsueshanesis Lin & Cheng
  13. Stejneger's Grass Lizard – Takydromus stejnegeri Van Denburgh
  14. Hengchun Blind Snake – Typhlops koshunensis Oshima
  15. Taiwan Slug-eating Snake – Pareas formosensis (Van Dengurgh)
  16. Formosa Odd-scaled Snake – Achalinus formosanus Boulenger
  17. Black Odd-scaled Snake – Achalinus niger Maki
  18. Maki's Keelback – Amphiesma miyajimae Maki
  19. Swinhoe's Grass Snake – Phabdophis swinhonis (Gunther)
  20. Formosa Coral Snake – Hemibungarus sauteri (Steindachner)
  21. Taiwan Pit-viper – Trimeresurus gracilis Oshima

[edit] Endemic amphibians

  • Order Anura (Frogs and Toads)
  1. Central Formosan Toad – Bufo bankorensis
  2. Emerald Green Treefrog – Rhacophorus prasinatus
  3. Farmland Green Treefrog – Rhacophorus arvalis
  4. Taipei Green Treefrog – Rhacophorus taipeianus
  5. Moltrecht's Green Treefrog – Rhacophorus moltrechti
  6. Robust Buerger's Frog – Buergeria robusta
  7. Temple Treefrog – Chirixalus idiootocus
  8. Orange-belly Treefrog – Rhacophorus aurantiventris
  • Order Urodela (Salamanders and Newts)
  1. Formosan Salamander – Hynobius formosanus
  2. Sonani's Salamander – Hynobius sonani

[edit] Endemic freshwater fishes

Formosan Landlocked Salmon
Formosan Landlocked Salmon
  1. Taitung River Loach – Hemimyzon taitungensis Tzeng et Shen
  2. Formosan River Loach – Hemimyzon formosanus (Boulenger)
  3. River Loach – Crossostoma lacustre (Steindachner)
  4. Pulin River Loach – Sinogastromyzon puliensis Liang
  5. Rasborinus macrolepis (Regan) (Extinct)
  6. Pararasbora moltrechti Regan
  7. Acrossocheilus paradoxus (Günther)
  8. Lake Candidus Dace – Candidia barbata (Regan)
  9. Microphysogobio alticorpus Banarescu et Nalbant
  10. Taiwan Ku Fish – Scaphesthes alticorpus (Oshima)
  11. Freshwater Minnow – Zacco pachycephalus (Günther)
  12. Gobiobotia cheni Banarescu et Nalbant
  13. Microphysogobio brevirostris (Günther)
  14. Medaka – Aphyocypris kikuchii (Oshima)
  15. Squalidus iijimae (Oshima)
  1. Goby – Rhinogobius gigas Aonuma et Chen
  2. Goby – Rhinogobius formosanus Oshima
  3. Goby – Cryptocentrus yatsui Tomiyama
  4. Goby – Rhinogobius nantaiensis Aonuma et Chen
  5. Goby – Rhinogobius henchuenensis Chen et Shao
  6. Goby – Rhinogobius delicatus Chen et Shao
  7. Goby – Rhinogobius maculafasciatus Chen et Shao
  8. Goby – Rhinogobius rubromaculatus Lee et Chang
  9. Goby – Myersina yangii (Chen) (Extinct)
  10. Goby – Rhinogobius lanyuensis Chen, Miller et Fang
  1. Formosan Trooent Catfish – Liobagrus formosanus Regan
  2. Bagrid Catfish – Pseudobagrus adiposalis Oshima
  3. Bagrid Catfish – Pseudobagrus brevianalis Regan
  1. Ariake Icefish – Salanx acuticeps Regan (Extinct)
  1. Formosan Landlocked Salmon – Oncorhynchus formosanus (Jordan et Oshima)

[edit] References

  1. ^ Hsieh, C. F. (2002) Composition, endemism and phytogeographical affinities of the Taiwan Flora. Taiwania 47(4): 298-310.

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

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