Emu Bay shale
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© David Simpson
The Emu Bay Shale contains one of two major Konservat-Lagerstätten (fossil beds with soft tissue preservation) in the world containing fossilised trilobites of Order Redlichiida.
Locality: The north coast of Kangaroo Island, around Emu Bay and Cape D'Estaing around in South Australia, Australia.
Stratigraphy: Emu Bay Shale
Age: Lower Cambrian. ca 525 mya
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[edit] Description
The Emu Bay Shale of Kangaroo Island, South Australia is Australia's only known Burgess-Shale-type Konservat-Lagerstätte, and includes faunal elements such as Anomalocaris, Tuzoia, Isoxys, Xandarella, and Primicaris, in common with other Burgess-Shale-type assemblages, particularly the Chengjiang Fauna in China, the closest palaeogeographically, although somewhat older. The site is also the source of magnificent specimens of trilobites such as Redlichia takooensis, Emuella polymera, Balcoracania dailyi, and Estaingia (=Hsuaspis) bilobata. Balcoracania and Emuella are genera of the distinctive Redlichiina superfamily Emuelloidea, known for numerous segments (over 60 in large Balcoracania specimens), and so far entirely restricted to Australia.
Lower Cambrian Emu Shale
Kangaroo Island, South Australia
(© Dave Simpson)
The depositional environment of the majority of Burgess-Shale-type assemblages is outer shelf, deeper water. The Emu Bay Shale in contrast, appears to represent relatively shallow water deposition, indicating that soft tissue preservation occurred in a range of environmental settings during the Cambrian. Some Emu Bay fossils display extensive mineralization of soft tissues, most often of blocky apatite or fibrous calcium carbonate, but some including the oldest phosphatized muscle tissue and the first thus far reported from the Cambrian. Mineralized soft tissues are apparently rare among Burgess-Shale-type biotas.
The type section of the Emu Bay Shale crops out on the east side of Emu Bay where it conformably overlies the White Point Conglomerate. Here it yields a rich assemblage of Hsuaspis, Redlichia, hyolithids, brachiopods, and the scleritome-bearing Chancelloria. At the Big Gully locality (8 km east of White Point), its presumed correlative is unconformable on the White Point Conglomerate and yields soft-bodied fossils in addition to the trilobites, including the giant predator Anomalocaris, Isoxys, Tuzoia, the presumed worm Palaeoscolex, the problematic Myoscolex, and a number of rarer elements. The Big Gully trilobites rarely preserve any trace of non-biomineralized tissue; a small number of specimens of Redlichia have been reported with antennae.
[edit] See also
- Lagerstätte - other fossil localities
- List of fossil sites (with link directory)
[edit] References
NOTE: Much of the text of this article was used with permission of Sam Gon III from his below referenced web site, in particular from the Emu Bay page
- Hagadorn, J.W. (2002). "Burgess Shale-type Localities: The global picture", in Bottjer, D.J., W. Etter, J.W. Hagadorn & C.M. Tang, eds: Exceptional Fossil Preservation -- A Unique View on the Evolution of Marine Life. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231102542.
- Greg Edgecombe and the Australian Museum. Australian Trilobites: A Species List and Bibliography. Retrieved on August 23, 2005.
- Sam Gon III. A guide to the Orders of Trilobites. Retrieved on August 23, 2005.
- Nedin, C. (1995). "The Emu Bay Shale, a Lower Cambrian fossil Lagerstätte, Kangaroo Island, South Australia". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 18: 31-40.
- Simpson, Dave. Trilobites of South Australia. Retrieved on August 23, 2005.
