Elliott Jaques
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Elliott Jaques (January 18, 1917 – March 8, 2003) was a Canadian psychoanalyst and organizational psychologist. He developed the notion of requisite organization, running counter to many others in the field of organizational development. Although he is most widely known for developing the concept of 'social systems as defense against unconscious anxiety' (Jaques, 1951) which shed light on the close relationship between organizational task (i.e. the main aim of an organization, such as to produce, cure, etc.) and unconscious group dynamics and how each can aid or distort the other. Jaques' ideas are still very influential in the psychoanalytic study of organizations.
Born in Toronto, Ontario, Jaques was educated at University of Toronto and studied medicine at Johns Hopkins University before receiving his Ph.D in social relations from Harvard University. During World War II, he moved to England where he remained after the war, studying under German psychoanalyst Melanie Klein. He was a founding member, in 1946, of the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations.
The concept of the mid-life crisis was introduced by Jaques in 1965.[1] His development approach to organizational development makes him one of the early contributors to Positive Adult Development.
He died in Gloucester, Massachusetts in 2003.
[edit] Publications
- The Changing Culture of a Factory: A Study of Authority and Participation in an Industrial Setting (London: Tavistock, 1951)
- Measurement Of Responsibility: A study of work, payment, and individual capacity (Tavistock, 1956) [Reprinted as ISBN 041526443X]
- Equitable Payment: A General Theory of Work, Differential Payment, and Individual Progress (London: Heinemann, 1961)
- Equitable Payment (London: Heinemann, 1963)
- Time-Span Handbook: the Use of Time-Span of Discretion to Measure the Level of Work in Employment Roles and to Arrange an Equitable Payment Structure (London, Heinemann, 1964)
- Product Analysis Pricing: A method for setting policies for the delegation of pricing decisions and the control of expense and profitability (Carbondale, Southern Illinois University Press, 1964) [with Wilfred Brown]
- Glacier Project Papers (London: Heinemann Educational, 1965) [with Wilfred Brown] ISBN 0435851020
- "Death and the Midlife Crisis", International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 1965.
- Work, creativity, and social justice (London: Heinemann Educational, 1970) ISBN 0435854798
- A General Theory of Bureaucracy (London: Heinemann Educational, 1976) ISBN 0435824732
- Health Services (London: Heinemann Educational, 1978) ISBN 0435824740
- Levels of Abstraction in Logic and Human Action: A theory of discontinuity in the structure of mathematical logic, psychological behaviour, and social organisation. (London: Heinemann Educational, 1978) with R.O. Gibson and D.J. Isaac [Editors]
- Executive Leadership: A Practical Guide to Managing Complexity (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1994) ISBN 0631193138 [with Stephen D. Clement and Ronnie Lessem]
- Human Capability: Study of Individual Potential and Its Application (London: Gower, 1994) ISBN 0566076527 [with Kathryn Cason]
- Requisite Organization: Total System for Effective Managerial Organization and Managerial Leadership for the 21st Century (London: Gower, 1997) ISBN 0566079402
- La Organizacion Requerida: Un Sistema Integrado Para Crear Organizaciones Eficaces y Aplicar el Liderazgo Gerencial en el Siglo XXI (Ediciones Granica, S.A., 2000) ISBN 9506413037
- Social Power and the CEO: Leadership and Trust in a Sustainable Free Enterprise System (Greenwood, 2002) ISBN 1567205518
- The Life and Behavior of Living Organisms: A General Theory (Greenwood, 2002) ISBN 0275975010
