Elizabethan Club
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Elizabethan Club is a prestigious social club at Yale University named for Queen Elizabeth I and her era. Its profile and members tend toward a literary disposition and conversation is one of the Club's chief purposes. The Elizabethan Club's collection of 16th and 17th Century books and artifacts include Shakespearean folios and quartos, first editions of Milton's Paradise Lost, Spenser's Faerie Queene, and Francis Bacon's Essayes, all locked in the Club's famous vault. The collection is only available for inspection at certain times, or to researchers upon request at Yale's Beinecke Library [1]. Tea is served daily during the semester and members may invite guests on specified days. The Club accepts male and female undergraduates, graduate students, faculty and staff, and some non-Yale individuals. The Lizzie is also known for its endowment, which is, by far, the richest of any club or society at Yale, surpassing the next richest by tens of millions of dollars. Its collection is, essentially, priceless.
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[edit] History
The Club was founded in 1911 by Alexander Smith Cochran, a member of the Yale Class of 1896 who, as an undergraduate, had regretted the lack of a congenial atmosphere in which to discuss literature and the arts with classmates and faculty. In 1910 he began to assemble a small but brilliant collection of first and early editions of the Elizabethan and Jacobean plays that he had studied with William Lyon Phelps, and in 1911 he offered the collection to Yale as the central point of interest for a club where conversation –and tea—would be available every afternoon. Mr. Cochran also provided a Clubhouse, with quarters for a resident steward, and a generous endowment of $100,000. His portrait hangs above the fireplace in the Vault Room, and his birthday (28 February) is marked by an annual Founder’s Dinner. The life portrait of theVirgine Queene in the Tea Room, attributed to Federico Zuccari, came with the founder’s original gift. Began during the literary renaissance at the university between 1909 and 1920, the club attracted such book collectors as William Lyon Phelps, Chauncey Brewster Tinker, and John Berdan.[2]
Mr. Cochran’s gift of 141 folios and quartos includes, among other important volumes, the first four Shakespeare Folios, one of the three known copies of the 1604 Hamlet, and the copy of Ben Jonson’s Works (1616) inscribed by the author to his friend Francis Young. Over the years additional volumes of equal importance, such as first or early quartos of all the major dramatists, have been acquired by gift and purchase, and the entire collection now numbers around 300 volumes. A catalogue of this collection, The Elizabethan Club of Yale University and Its Library, prepared by Yale's Stephen Parks, was published in 1986. The vault also contains a few manuscripts (for example, a letter of condolence from Queen Elizabeth to her friend Lady Southwell, 15 October 1598), some contemporary medals (one celebrating the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588), and several miscellaneous objects (a lock of Byron’s hair; a snuff box carved from a mulberry tree planted by Shakespeare at New Place, his home at Stratford; and a guest book signed by many of the Club’s famous visitors. [3] [4]
Documents relating to the club's organization and activities, including a tradition of formal correspondence written in Latin to the Signet Society at Harvard, are viewable at the online Yale Manuscripts and Archives Collection: =txt&pg=1&imgNum=10639][5]
[edit] Activity
The club is dedicated to conversation, tea, the art of the book, and literature, focused on -- but not exclusively of -- the Elizabethan era. During the academic year the Clubhouse is open daily for the use of its members from 8 in the morning until 10 in the evening. Tea is served every afternoon during termtime from 4 until 6. A 1920 observer noted among "certain hopeful signs of the times , current British and American periodicals are neatly lined up on tables, configurations of other little tables, sofas and chairs provide many nooks for quiet discussion or reading, and upstairs even includes a room dedicated almost entirely to archives of Punch, the former English magazine of humor and satire. Outside, the club has a deep back garden with a pavilion, understated elegant plantings, and featuring a bust of the Bard himself, to facilitate the enjoyments of finger sandwiches, cookies and croquet.
From time to time, the Club sponsors special events such as Club Nights with a speaker and discussion; seasonal parties and teas; and an annual lecture honoring Maynard Mack (1909-2001), former president of the Club, longtime faculty member and illustrious Shakespeare scholar. Mack lecturers have included Joanne Akalaitis, John Barton, Tony Church, Lisa Harrow, Michael Kahn, Mark Lamos, Carey Perloff, Michael Billington and Sam Waterston. [6]
The club also has underwritten the production of a small series of books, published by the Yale University Press.[7]. Indeed, publishing specialized works relating to the Club's mission has been a practice dating back to its early years. Examples available through Google books include: [8], [9]
[edit] Membership
Membership in the Elizabethan Club, by invitation only, includes undergraduates (45 members are elected annually; however, freshmen are not admitted), graduate students, University staff, and faculty. The affairs of the Club are managed by a self-perpetuating Board of Incorporators (6 members of the University) that meets twice a year in October and May and by an elected Board of Governors that meets monthly. It is not a 'final society,' in that membership in another Yale secret society, association or club is not a bar to also having club membership.
[edit] Architecture
- The Elizabethan Club is housed in a landmarked well-preserved Federal building, the Leverett Griswold House, built circa 1775 and renovated between 1810-1815 and 1995-1996. It was previously owned successively by the Leverett Griswold and Wilbur Gilbert families. Pictured at: [10]
- Kenneth Boroson designed the rear garden in 1995-1996.
Architectural historian Patrick Pinnell in his 1999 history of Yale's campus says this "crisp little white house... shows off an early example of a gable fronting the street, rather than being turned parallel to it... predicting the temple-front individuality of Greek Revival..."[11] It provides the only remaining Federal-era aspect on this stretch of College Street, one that Pinnell discusses as having been in the mid 19th century a residential street.[12]
The clubhouse, acquired by the founder in 1911, bears National Historic, State Historic and City Historic designations. [13]
[edit] Trivia
- Variants of the club necktie feature a motif of a phoenix, taken from a badge of Queen Elizabeth.
- In addition to underwriting a sporadic book series, the Lizzie has occasionally revived the old custom of issuing (i.e. striking) bronze medallions commemorating important events in club history.
- The Lizzie informally fosters appreciation for the Art of the Book and of fine printing and typography, befitting a campus with a number of working old fashioned undergraduate presses.
- Club founder Alexander Smith Cochran, heir to a carpet manufacturer, led an eventful life. Referred to on the eve of his 'secret' marriage to the Polish opera singer Mme. Ganna Walska as "New York's Richest Bachelor" [14], within a short period, he was contesting the marriage (he was her third of six husbands) as illegal, claiming her first husband was still living when Cochran married her, and they separated.[15] Cochran's exploits socially, financially and in sailing (he headed Americas Cup syndicates) were widely covered in newspapers of the day.
- Guests sign in upon entering; consequently, the Lizzie's collection of these guestbooks includes autographs of prominent literary, arts, and other prominent figures who have visited. Among these are Theodore Roosevelt, Edward Heath, Robert Frost, (a frequent visitor) Bertrand Russell, Joseph Conrad, W.B. Yeats, Eva Le Gallienne, Diana Rigg, Allen Ginsberg, William Carlos Williams and Kenneth Branagh.
- Cole Porter's "A Member of the Yale Elizabethan Club" was not the only instance of his musical jibes at the institution. In his early composition, "Since We've Met," he satirizes a prudish couple: "We shrink at any oath except a soft 'Beelzebub.' / We're out-Elizabething the Elizabethan Club."[16]
- Artist Joe Reed designed the club's 75th Anniversary medal, in solid bronze, pictured and described at [17]
- Packages of tea blended for the Club are available for sale to members.
- On the second floor, the Map Room contains a collection of books about Shakespeare and the Elizabethan period, most of them published in the middle of the twentieth century. In the Study Room there are bound copies of Punch from 1847 to 1985, and in the Governors Room numerous bound sets of British and European authors, plus a small collection of books presented to the Club by authors who are members.
[edit] References
- Picture of founder Alexander Smith Cochran at: [18]
- Holden, Reuben A., Yale: A Pictorial History, Yale University Press, New Haven and London. 1967.
- Purchase of the Huth Portfolio [19]
- Parks, Stephen, The Elizabethan Club of Yale University and Its Library
- Newton, Alfred Edward. A Magnificent Farce: And Other Diversions of a Book-collector. Boston: The Atlantic Monthly Press, 1921. p 125.
