Elis

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For other uses, see Elis (disambiguation).
Map of ancient Elis
Map of ancient Elis

Elis, or Eleia (Greek, Modern: Ήλιδα Ilida, Ancient: Ἦλις Ēlis, Doric: Ἆλις Alis , Elean : Ϝάλις Walis) is an ancient district, that corresponds with the modern Elis Prefecture. It is in southern Greece on the Peloponnesos peninsula, bounded on the north by Achaea, east by Arcadia, south by Messenia, and west by the Ionian Sea.

The first Olympic festival was organized in Elean land, Olympia, Greece by the authorities of Elis in the 8th century BCE - with tradition dating the first games at 776 BCE. The Hellanodikai, the judges of the Games, were of Elean origin.

The local form of the name was Valis, or Valeia, and its meaning, in all probability, “the lowland.” In its physical constitution Elis is practically one with Achaea and Arcadia; its mountains are mere offshoots of the Arcadian highlands, and its principal rivers are fed by Arcadian springs.

Elis was divided into three districts:

  • Hollow (Coele) or Lowland Elis,
  • Pisatis, or the territory of Pisa, and
  • Triphylia, or the country of the three tribes.

Hollow Elis, the largest and most northern of the three, was watered by the Peneus and its tributary the Ladon. The district was famous in antiquity for its cattle and horses. Pisatis extended south from Hollow Elis to the right bank of the Alpheus, and was divided into eight departments called after as many towns. Triphylia stretches south from the Alpheus to the Neda.

Today Elis is a small village of 150 citizens, located 14km NE of Amaliada, build over the ruins of the ancient town. It has a museum that contains many treasures, discovered in the recent excavations. It also has one of the most well-preserved Ancient Theaters in Greece. Elis is well known for breeding horses and its "creation" of the Olympic games.

Contents

[edit] List of Eleans

Athletes

Kings and Leaders

Intellectuals

[edit] Eleans as barbarians

Eleans were labelled as the greatest barbarians barbarotatoi by musician Stratonicus of Athens[1]

“ And when he was once asked by some one who were the wickedest people, he said, “That in Pamphylia, the people of Phaselis were the worst; but that the Sidetae were the worst in the whole world.” And when he was asked again, according to the account given by Hegesander, which were the greatest barbarians, the Boeotians or the Thessalians he said, ” The Eleans.” ”

In Hesychius(s.v. βαρβαρόφωνοι) and other ancient lexica[2] Eleans are also listed as barbarophones. Indeed the North-West Doric dialect of Elis is, after the Aeolic dialects, one of the most difficult for the modern reader of epigraphic texts[3]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Athenaeus,Deipnosophistae VIII 350a
  2. ^ James A. Towle, Commentary on Plato: Protagoras 341c.[1]
  3. ^ Sophie Minon, Les Inscriptions Éléennes Dialectale - Reviewed by Stephen Colvin[2]

[edit] External links

  • Map from the Hellenic Ministry of Culture

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.