El Azuzul
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© George & Audrey DeLange, used with permission.
.jpg/300px-El_Azuzul_in_situ_(Thomas_Aleto).jpg)
El Azuzul is an Olmec archaeological site in Veracruz, Mexico, a few kilometers south of the San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán complex and generally considered contemporary with it (perhaps 1100 to 800 BCE). Named for the ranch on which it is located, El Azuzul is part of the Loma del Zapote complex. The site occupies the higher elevations north of the confluence of two ancient river courses, a part of the Coatzacoalcos River system. It is upstream of the monumental earthworks at Potrero Nuevo, which is part of the San Lorenzo complex.
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[edit] Monumental art
El Azuzul is best known for two pairs of monumental sculptures, now on exhibit at Museo de Antropologia, Xalapa, Mexico. These statues were found on the south side of the large pyramid/hill on the site, intact and apparently undisturbed since they were placed there in Pre-Classic times.
The first pair of statues, described as "some of the greatest masterpieces of Olmec art",[1] are nearly-identical seated human figures. When discovered the two statues were facing east, one behind the other (see bottom photo). Some researchers have suggested that these "twins" are forerunners of the Maya Hero Twins from the Popul Vuh,[2] although their headdresses have led others to describe them as priests.[3] The twin's headdresses have been mutilated, probably to erase identifying insignia.[4]
Each twin, like the figure in San Martín Pajapan Monument 1, is grasping a ceremonial bar with his right hand under the bar and his left over, caught in the act of raising what has been described as an axis mundi or Mesoamerican world tree.[5]
Facing these two humans was a feline-like statue, generally identified as a jaguar. Slightly larger than the humans it faced, the feline is roughly 1.2 meters high. A 1.6 meter version of this feline was found a few meters away, to the northeast. The jaguars show evidence of having been recarved from earlier monuments.[6]
[edit] Structures
In addition to the large pyramid/hill, a long causeway or dike was constructed along the waterway, possibly functioning as a levee and/or wharf.[7] El Azuzul also contains other possible structures, now completely overgrown.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Pool, p. 118.
- ^ "The physical arrangement and characteristics of human figures and felines bear uncanny symbolic resemblances to later period myths from the Maya and Central Mexican cultures about twins and jaguars." Cyphers (1999), p. 174
- ^ Solis: ". . . una pareja de sacerdotes."
- ^ Cyphers (1999), p. 19.
- ^ Pool, p. 143. Cyphers refers to a sense of "imminent movement", p. 19.
- ^ Pool, p. 121; Cyphers (1999).
- ^ Pool, p. 102
[edit] References
- Cyphers, Ann, and Botas, Fernando, "An Olmec Feline Sculpture from El Azuzul, Southern Veracruz", Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 1994, 138 (2): pp. 273–283.
- Cyphers, Ann, "From Stone to Symbols: Olmec Art in Social Context at San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán", in Social Patterns in Pre-Classic Mesoamerica, Dumbarton Oaks, 1999, pp. 155-181.
- Pool, Christopher A. (2007). Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-78882-3.
- Solis, Felipe, "Las culturas del Golfo", en Español.
