El Altar
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| El Altar | |
|---|---|
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| Elevation | 5,319 m (17,451 ft) |
| Location | Ecuador |
| Range | Andes |
| Coordinates | |
| Type | Stratovolcano |
| Age of rock | Pliocene-Pleistocene |
| Last eruption | Unknown |
| First ascent | 1963 |
| Easiest route | rock/ice climb |
El Altar is an extinct volcano on the western side of Sangay National Park in Ecuador, 170 km south of Quito. Spaniards named it as such as it resembled a huge cathedral to them. The Inca called it Capac-Urcu, which means "King Mountain" in Quechua.
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[edit] Geology
The mountain consists of a large stratovolcano of Pliocene-Pleistocene age with a caldera breached to the west. Inca legends report that the top of Altar collapsed after seven years of activity in about 1460, but the caldera is considered to be much older than this by geologists. Nine major peaks over 5,000 metres (16,400 ft) form a horseshoe-shaped ridge about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) across, surrounding a central basin that contains a crater lake at about 4,200 m (13,800 ft), known as Laguna Collanes or Laguna Amarilla.
[edit] Access and recreation
El Altar is perhaps the most technically demanding climb in Ecuador. December through February are the best months to attempt an ascent. Much more accessible is the hike to the lake within the caldera of the mountain. From Riobamba, one takes a bus for about an hour and then checks in at the ranger station, where nationals pay $2 and foreigners $10 to enter the Sangay park. About 4-5 hours of an extremely muddy trail (knee-high rubber boots are recommended) leaves one at the official refuge, which is sometimes inexplicably locked, although entry can sometimes be found through an open window. The refuge has many beds, a kitchen, and even hot water. To hike to the lake is another 2 hours from the refuge across a valley and up a steep hill.
[edit] List of peaks
The nine peaks of El Altar, starting with the highest summit on the south side and proceeding counterclockwise:
| Peak name | Translation | Elevation | Direction from lake | First ascent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obispo | Bishop | 5,319 m (17,451 ft) | South | July 7, 1963, Ferdinando Gaspard, Marino Tremonti, Claudio Zardini |
| Monja Grande | Great Nun | 5,160 m (16,929 ft) | Southeast | August 17, 1968, Bill Ross and Margaret Young |
| Monja Chica | Small Nun | 5,080 m (16,667 ft) | East-Southeast | January 16, 1971, Peter Bednar and party |
| Tabernáculo | Tabernacle | 5,180 m (16,995 ft) | East | |
| Fraile Oriental | Eastern Friar | 5,060 m (16,601 ft) | East-Northeast | |
| Fraile Beato | Devout Friar | 5,050 m (16,568 ft) | East-Northeast | |
| Fraile Central | Central Friar | 5,070 m (16,634 ft) | Northeast | |
| Fraile Grande | Great Friar | 5,180 m (16,995 ft) | North-Northeast | December 1, 1972, Lorenzo Lorenzi, Armando Perron, Marino Tremonti |
| Canónigo | Canon | 5,260 m (17,257 ft) | North | March 7, 1965, Ferdinando Gaspard, Lorenzo Lorenzi, Marino Tremonti, Claudio Zardini |
[edit] References
- Brain, Yossi (2000). Ecuador: A Climbing Guide. Mountaineers Books, 192 pp. ISBN 0-89886-729-0.
- Hall, Minard L. (1977). El Volcanismo en el Ecuador. Sección Nacional del Ecuador, 120 pp. (in Spanish)
- Biggar, John (2005). The Andes: A Guide for Climbers (3rd ed.). Andes Publishing (Scotland), 304 pp. ISBN 0-9536087-2-7.
- Global Volcanism Program: Altar
