Education and Inspections Act 2006
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| Education and Inspections Act 2006 | |
| United Kingdom Parliament | |
| Long title: | An Act to make provision about primary, secondary and further education and about training; to make provision about food or drink provided on school premises or in connection with the provision of education or childcare; to provide for the establishment of an Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills and the appointment of Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Education, Children’s Services and Skills and make provision about the functions of that Office and that Chief Inspector; to provide for the amendment of references to local education authorities and children’s services authorities; to amend section 29 of the Leasehold Reform Act 1967 in relation to university bodies; and for connected purposes. |
| Statute book chapter: | 2006 c. 40 |
| Introduced by: | Ruth Kelly, Secretary of State for Education and Skills |
| Territorial extent: | |
| Dates | |
| Date of Royal Assent: | 8 November 2006 |
| Commencement: | |
| Other legislation | |
| Amendments: | |
| Related legislation: | School Standards and Framework Act 1998 |
| Status: Current legislation | |
The Education and Inspections Act 2006 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (reference 2006 c. 40) published and enacted into law in 2006. According to the government the act "is intended to represent a major step forward in the Government’s aim of ensuring that all children in all schools get the education they need to enable them to fulfil their potential"[1].
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[edit] Background to the Act
[edit] Trust schools white paper
In October 2005, the DfES published the White Paper Higher Standards, Better Schools for All — More Choice for Parents and Pupils.[2] It set out plans to "radically improve the system". The blurb distributed with it established a number of key areas that the White Paper was intended to address:
- The challenge to reform
- A school system shaped by parents
- Choice and access for all
- Personalised learning
- Parents driving improvement
- Supporting children and parents
- School discipline
- The school workforce and school leadership
- A new role for local authorities
[edit] Trust schools
One of the most controversial elements in the White Paper was the proposal to establish a new breed of school called a Trust school. The White Paper introduced a new term to the educational taxonomy when it explained how schools would "acquire a Trust". It was noted that there was a remarkable similarity between Trust schools and voluntary aided schools/Foundation schools. The proposals allowed for each Trust school to decide its own governance model from either the VA or Foundation model. Local authority assets - buildings and land - would be transferred to trust ownership, and the trust would take on the responsibility for the employment of all the school staff.
The governance model of VA Schools would allow the Trust to directly appoint more than half of the governors allowing it to effectively control the governing body. Such a model would also reduce the number of elected Parent governors. To tackle this obvious reduction in parent power it was proposed that a new consultative body - a Parents’ Council to ensure that parents have a strong voice in decisions about the way the school is run - although it was stressed that statutory guidance on this would be produced at some yet unspecified later stage. This notion effectively killed any suggestion that Kelly could be seen as a champion of parents.
The Trusts were intended to be non-profit making and to have charitable status, although they could be formed by commercial enterprises. In fact one of the early DfES-hosted seminars on the establishment of Trusts included representatives from Microsoft and KPMG.[3] But it was their ability to set their own admission arrangements that generated the most criticism.
[edit] Political fallout
The white paper was not received with universal acclaim. A large number of Labour backbenchers, as well as numerous Labour luminaries like Neil Kinnock and former Education Secretary Estelle Morris, made known their opposition to the proposals and published an alternative white paper.[4] Faced with such a rebellion, the government initially stressed that it would press on with the reforms. Tory leader David Cameron then announced that these reforms were in line with Tory policies and that he would support the bill if presented in the proposed form. The government were faced with the prospect of pushing through their reforms only with opposition support and in the face of increased resistance from its own supporters.
Following a report by the Education Select Committee - which was in itself controversial - Ruth Kelly finally wrote[5] to the committee chairman Barry Sheerman in February 2006, outlining how the bill would look when presented to parliament and stressing how it would accommodate many of the fears expressed in the committee's report. This was reported as the government backtracking on many key issues although it stressed that it was not a climbdown.[citation needed]
[edit] The Education and Inspections bill 2006
On 28 February 2006, the bill was finally published. It contained much of what had been trailed, although most notable by its absence was any mention of "Trust school". In reality, Foundation and Voluntary Aided schools will pick up the mantle of "Trust school".
[edit] Education and Inspections Act 2006
The Act is designed to give greater freedoms to schools, including the possibility of:
- Owning their own assets
- Employing their own staff
- Setting their own admissions arrangements
Other important provisions include:
- Creation of a Local Authority duty to promote fair access to educational opportunities
- Giving schools staff a clear statutory right to discipline students
- Provisions relating to nutritional standards of school food
- Reform of the school inspectorates
[edit] Privatisation
The act also removes the need for local authorities' role in education; coupled with the Education Act 1944, this effectively abolishes any role of the Local Education Authorities(LEAs). The LEAs' role will be purely financial due to funding criteria laid down on a sliding scale by central government. This means that these Trust Schools which wish to become trusts can do so by charging "co-payments" for education, subject to means testing: this act can therefore supersede the Education Act 1944. This will effectively mean all parents over a threshold income must pay up-front fees; they will also be subject to evaluation of their assets by the LEAs.
[edit] References
- ^ DfES guide to the Education and Inspections Bill 2006
- ^ Higher Standards, Better Schools for All — More Choice for Parents and Pupils (PDF).
- ^ PM talks of school reforms 'hell' (HTML). BBC News (2006-02-09). Retrieved on 2006-06-03.
- ^ Shaping the Education Bill - reaching for consensus (HTML). Compass. Retrieved on 2006-06-03.
- ^ Ruth Kelly's letter (PDF). Department for Education and Skills (2006-02-06). Retrieved on 2006-06-03.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
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